Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103426
Yuta Kobayashi, Masayuki Sato, Kei Uchida, Akira S. Mori
Because the benefits of forest restoration take a long time to materialize, it is desirable to design restoration projects with intergenerational equity in mind, particularly considering the perspectives and feelings of the generation bearing the costs. We conducted a contingent valuation survey with a payment card among the Japanese public focusing on forest restoration in Shiretoko National Park to estimate individual discount rates for carbon and biodiversity recovery. Specifically, we presented two forest restoration scenarios with varying recovery times and asked for their willingness to pay (WTP) for each. From these differences in WTP, the individual discount rates were estimated at 1.17 %. Using the estimated discount rates, cost-benefit analyses were performed on the simulation results of 31 different restoration scenarios with varying planting densities and number of species planted. We also performed the same analyses using commonly used discount rates of 4.0 % and 6.0 %. The results showed a divergence between the ecologically and economically optimal restoration scenarios, and that the economically optimal restoration scenario varied depending on the discount rate. This highlights the need for careful consensus building that combines ecological and economic perspectives in forest ecosystem management.
{"title":"Misalignment between ecologically rapid and economically optimal forest restoration designs","authors":"Yuta Kobayashi, Masayuki Sato, Kei Uchida, Akira S. Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103426","url":null,"abstract":"Because the benefits of forest restoration take a long time to materialize, it is desirable to design restoration projects with intergenerational equity in mind, particularly considering the perspectives and feelings of the generation bearing the costs. We conducted a contingent valuation survey with a payment card among the Japanese public focusing on forest restoration in Shiretoko National Park to estimate individual discount rates for carbon and biodiversity recovery. Specifically, we presented two forest restoration scenarios with varying recovery times and asked for their willingness to pay (WTP) for each. From these differences in WTP, the individual discount rates were estimated at 1.17 %. Using the estimated discount rates, cost-benefit analyses were performed on the simulation results of 31 different restoration scenarios with varying planting densities and number of species planted. We also performed the same analyses using commonly used discount rates of 4.0 % and 6.0 %. The results showed a divergence between the ecologically and economically optimal restoration scenarios, and that the economically optimal restoration scenario varied depending on the discount rate. This highlights the need for careful consensus building that combines ecological and economic perspectives in forest ecosystem management.","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To achieve the sustainable development goal, China banned the import of unclassified waste paper in 2017, known as China's import Ban (CIB) to influence the global waste paper trade. Here, we construct the global waste paper trade networks (GWPTN) to observe network characteristics from 2006 to 2020 and use Difference-in-Differences (DID) to test effects of CIB. Results show that CIB reduces the scale, transmission efficiency and stability of GWPTN and changes the network characteristics of major trading countries as network nodes. By constructing DID models with degree and Strength Centrality as dependent variables, it can be seen that although waste paper exporters affected by CIB have expanded export channels, the total amount of exports still shows a downward trend due to other waste paper importers being unable to replace China's position in GWPTN; Meanwhile, importers other than China import more waste paper, especially Asian importers close to China.
{"title":"Implications of China's foreign waste ban on the global waste paper trade networks for circular economy and sustainability","authors":"Xinfei Li, Chang Yu, Zhaohua Wang, Chenlu Tao, Hao Li, Gang Diao, Baodong Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103428","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve the sustainable development goal, China banned the import of unclassified waste paper in 2017, known as China's import Ban (CIB) to influence the global waste paper trade. Here, we construct the global waste paper trade networks (GWPTN) to observe network characteristics from 2006 to 2020 and use Difference-in-Differences (DID) to test effects of CIB. Results show that CIB reduces the scale, transmission efficiency and stability of GWPTN and changes the network characteristics of major trading countries as network nodes. By constructing DID models with degree and Strength Centrality as dependent variables, it can be seen that although waste paper exporters affected by CIB have expanded export channels, the total amount of exports still shows a downward trend due to other waste paper importers being unable to replace China's position in GWPTN; Meanwhile, importers other than China import more waste paper, especially Asian importers close to China.","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103407
Diana Cichecki, Hannes Weinbrenner, Stephanie Bethmann
Foresters in Germany are facing extreme challenges due to climate change and social change, struggling to adapt their management strategies. In this context, our study explores the professional socialization of forest management students at Universities of Applied Sciences in Germany: How is a professional habitus formed during forestry education, and how well does this equip students to address ecological and social transformations? Through qualitative in-depth interviews, we investigate how students experience their education and interpret their future roles and tasks. Using a praxeological framework informed by Bourdieu's concept of habitus, we explore how higher education shapes students' ways of perceiving, feeling, and belonging.
{"title":"Becoming a forester. Exploring forest management students' habitus in the making","authors":"Diana Cichecki, Hannes Weinbrenner, Stephanie Bethmann","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103407","url":null,"abstract":"Foresters in Germany are facing extreme challenges due to climate change and social change, struggling to adapt their management strategies. In this context, our study explores the professional socialization of forest management students at Universities of Applied Sciences in Germany: How is a professional habitus formed during forestry education, and how well does this equip students to address ecological and social transformations? Through qualitative in-depth interviews, we investigate how students experience their education and interpret their future roles and tasks. Using a praxeological framework informed by Bourdieu's concept of habitus, we explore how higher education shapes students' ways of perceiving, feeling, and belonging.","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103398
Ekaterina Makrickiene, Vilis Brukas, Ivana Živojinović, Zuzana Dobšinská
Since the late 1980s, the transformative changes in former socialist societies have provided a unique context for forest policy research. However, a comprehensive review of this body of scholarship has been lacking. This paper addresses this gap by by reviewing forest policy studies for 19 countries of the ex-socialist realm. We identified 285 articles in international peer-reviewed journals, published in 1990–2024. Bibliometric and narrative analysis revealed several positive trends including rapidly growing number of publications, and between other aspects, improving gender balance in the authorship. There is an evident increase of the research capacity as the domestic contributors clearly prevail over the foreign authors since 2015. The output, measured bythe number of published studies, differs remarkably among the analysed countries. The Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia lead in publication numbers, while Montenegro, Moldova, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Belarus rank at the bottom.
{"title":"Three decades of forest policy studies in the countries in the former socialist countries of Europe: A review","authors":"Ekaterina Makrickiene, Vilis Brukas, Ivana Živojinović, Zuzana Dobšinská","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103398","url":null,"abstract":"Since the late 1980s, the transformative changes in former socialist societies have provided a unique context for forest policy research. However, a comprehensive review of this body of scholarship has been lacking. This paper addresses this gap by by reviewing forest policy studies for 19 countries of the ex-socialist realm. We identified 285 articles in international peer-reviewed journals, published in 1990–2024. Bibliometric and narrative analysis revealed several positive trends including rapidly growing number of publications, and between other aspects, improving gender balance in the authorship. There is an evident increase of the research capacity as the domestic contributors clearly prevail over the foreign authors since 2015. The output, measured bythe number of published studies, differs remarkably among the analysed countries. The Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia lead in publication numbers, while Montenegro, Moldova, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Belarus rank at the bottom.","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103425
Jiacheng Zhao, Pei Zhang, Feng Tian, Weiping Shi
This study addresses a critical limitation of Actor-centered Power (ACP) theory in Community-based Conservation (CBC) initiatives: its tendency to rely on predefined roles for actors, which can obscure the complex dynamics within communities. By integrating ACP theory with Scharpf's actor typology, this research aims to provide a framework that better reflects the nuanced power relationships both within communities and between communities and external actors. Using a comparative case study approach, we analyze three CBC programs in China to test this framework. Our findings underscore two key contributions. First, the combined framework allows for a more precise identification and analysis of power relations, revealing how internal and external actor roles shape community cohesion and collective action. Second, we highlight the significance of informational power in fostering communities' development as collective actors, thereby enhancing CBC effectiveness.
{"title":"Enhancing actor-centered power theory through actor typology: Insights from community-based conservation in China","authors":"Jiacheng Zhao, Pei Zhang, Feng Tian, Weiping Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103425","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses a critical limitation of Actor-centered Power (ACP) theory in Community-based Conservation (CBC) initiatives: its tendency to rely on predefined roles for actors, which can obscure the complex dynamics within communities. By integrating ACP theory with Scharpf's actor typology, this research aims to provide a framework that better reflects the nuanced power relationships both within communities and between communities and external actors. Using a comparative case study approach, we analyze three CBC programs in China to test this framework. Our findings underscore two key contributions. First, the combined framework allows for a more precise identification and analysis of power relations, revealing how internal and external actor roles shape community cohesion and collective action. Second, we highlight the significance of informational power in fostering communities' development as collective actors, thereby enhancing CBC effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103420
Liina Häyrinen, Janne Kaseva, Eija Pouta
In addressing global environmental challenges such as biodiversity loss, climate change, and the degradation of vulnerable ecosystems, the role of forest owners and their cooperation is essential. Despite the evident potential of cooperation, the interaction among forest owners remains an underexplored area, particularly concerning the factors that influence forest owners' willingness to cooperate. This study focuses on various forms of forest owner cooperation, ranging from shared goals to the joint implementation of management actions. We apply the theory of planned behavior to understand forest owners' intentions to cooperate based on their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and related beliefs. Using survey data from eastern Finland, the results demonstrate that a forest owners' intentions to cooperate are predominantly influenced by their attitudes. These attitudes towards cooperation are largely shaped by a set of behavioral beliefs that are primarily environmentally oriented. The findings suggest that emphasizing the environmental benefits of cooperation can be a key strategy in persuading forest owners to cooperate.
{"title":"Finnish forest owners' intentions to participate in cooperative forest management","authors":"Liina Häyrinen, Janne Kaseva, Eija Pouta","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103420","url":null,"abstract":"In addressing global environmental challenges such as biodiversity loss, climate change, and the degradation of vulnerable ecosystems, the role of forest owners and their cooperation is essential. Despite the evident potential of cooperation, the interaction among forest owners remains an underexplored area, particularly concerning the factors that influence forest owners' willingness to cooperate. This study focuses on various forms of forest owner cooperation, ranging from shared goals to the joint implementation of management actions. We apply the theory of planned behavior to understand forest owners' intentions to cooperate based on their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and related beliefs. Using survey data from eastern Finland, the results demonstrate that a forest owners' intentions to cooperate are predominantly influenced by their attitudes. These attitudes towards cooperation are largely shaped by a set of behavioral beliefs that are primarily environmentally oriented. The findings suggest that emphasizing the environmental benefits of cooperation can be a key strategy in persuading forest owners to cooperate.","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103422
Leonie Wagner, Franziska Miederhoff
Forests in Germany are experiencing crises due to climate change, dry summers, storms, and widespread damage from pests and diseases. By understanding how private forest owners experience ownership and forest disturbances due to climate change, this study provides valuable insights to better meet the needs of forest owners with family tradition and inform policy decisions and implementations. The literature on forest disturbances primarily concentrates on the economic significance for the forest industry and its ecological consequences. Although studies have shown that severe storms and windthrows alter forest owners' identities and lead to shifts in awareness and emotional responses, the psychological effects of significant forest disturbances remain unexplored. The impact of forest disturbances on forest owners' psychological ownership and subsequent management responses has yet to be investigated, leaving a significant research gap. In this study, we show (a) that different dimensions and manifestations of psychological ownership can be observed among forest owners and (b) that forest disturbances influence all three pathways of forest owners' psychological ownership in various ways, resulting in changes of the motives of psychological ownership. Connectedness to the forest and intergenerational forest family tradition are essential aspects of forest-related identities challenged by disturbances. However, traditional forest owners integrate disturbances into their narrations and counterbalance the loss of control through further knowledge acquisition and greater self-investment. We suggest peer-to-peer learning and communication to foster psychological ownership and address diverse knowledge, values, and identities.
{"title":"Forest disturbances change psychological ownership among traditional private forest owners in North Rhine Westphalia","authors":"Leonie Wagner, Franziska Miederhoff","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103422","url":null,"abstract":"Forests in Germany are experiencing crises due to climate change, dry summers, storms, and widespread damage from pests and diseases. By understanding how private forest owners experience ownership and forest disturbances due to climate change, this study provides valuable insights to better meet the needs of forest owners with family tradition and inform policy decisions and implementations. The literature on forest disturbances primarily concentrates on the economic significance for the forest industry and its ecological consequences. Although studies have shown that severe storms and windthrows alter forest owners' identities and lead to shifts in awareness and emotional responses, the psychological effects of significant forest disturbances remain unexplored. The impact of forest disturbances on forest owners' psychological ownership and subsequent management responses has yet to be investigated, leaving a significant research gap. In this study, we show (a) that different dimensions and manifestations of psychological ownership can be observed among forest owners and (b) that forest disturbances influence all three pathways of forest owners' psychological ownership in various ways, resulting in changes of the motives of psychological ownership. Connectedness to the forest and intergenerational forest family tradition are essential aspects of forest-related identities challenged by disturbances. However, traditional forest owners integrate disturbances into their narrations and counterbalance the loss of control through further knowledge acquisition and greater self-investment. We suggest peer-to-peer learning and communication to foster psychological ownership and address diverse knowledge, values, and identities.","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103424
Antoni Ungirwalu, J.R. Mansoben, Yubelince Y. Runtuboi, Sepus M. Fatem, Mariana H. Peday, Jonni Marwa, Ahmad Maryudi
Tribal leaders in Papua had been positioned as both cultural symbols and real decision-making leaders, but they have lost their power over natural resource management and forests. Using the case of nutmeg management by the tribal Baham-Matta community, we present changes in the power constellations within the local social structures, in which the Kings (Patuans), the highest tribal leaders, have increasingly been unable to rule their people. In this research, we mainly employed the theoretical framework of Actor-centered Power, complemented by the Sequential Power Analysis approach, centered on historical timelines to better grasp the power contestation over time. We found that the Patuans have lost their key power sources/elements, a blend of dominant information, incentives/disincentives, and coercion stemming from the culturally entrenched beliefs held about their spiritual strengths, knowledge and skills in natural resource management and monopolistic contacts with traders. At the same time, community members have gained new power by accessing direct contacts with external traders, enabling them to act according to their own will. The change in the power configuration regarding nutmeg management has been driven by changes in the broader structural (external) context. Specifically, we argue that the introduction of new tenure and administration systems by the state created new social and power relations within the tribal community. The current tenure reform initiatives such as social forestry policies need to consider traditional systems such as nutmeg management, which constitute a key source of livelihood for the tribal community.
{"title":"The fall of the kings: Power relations and dynamics in Papua's indigenous community in forest resource management","authors":"Antoni Ungirwalu, J.R. Mansoben, Yubelince Y. Runtuboi, Sepus M. Fatem, Mariana H. Peday, Jonni Marwa, Ahmad Maryudi","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103424","url":null,"abstract":"Tribal leaders in Papua had been positioned as both cultural symbols and real decision-making leaders, but they have lost their power over natural resource management and forests. Using the case of nutmeg management by the tribal Baham-Matta community, we present changes in the power constellations within the local social structures, in which the Kings (<ce:italic>Patuans</ce:italic>), the highest tribal leaders, have increasingly been unable to rule their people. In this research, we mainly employed the theoretical framework of Actor-centered Power, complemented by the Sequential Power Analysis approach, centered on historical timelines to better grasp the power contestation over time. We found that the <ce:italic>Patuans</ce:italic> have lost their key power sources/elements, a blend of dominant information, incentives/disincentives, and coercion stemming from the culturally entrenched beliefs held about their spiritual strengths, knowledge and skills in natural resource management and monopolistic contacts with traders. At the same time, community members have gained new power by accessing direct contacts with external traders, enabling them to act according to their own will. The change in the power configuration regarding nutmeg management has been driven by changes in the broader structural (external) context. Specifically, we argue that the introduction of new tenure and administration systems by the state created new social and power relations within the tribal community. The current tenure reform initiatives such as social forestry policies need to consider traditional systems such as nutmeg management, which constitute a key source of livelihood for the tribal community.","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103421
Jingqi Dang, Jingru Wang, Bingqian Tu
The National Forest City Construction (NFCC) initiative aims to improve regional greening levels, optimize ecosystem services, and achieve sustainable development. This policy serves as a key measure to promote eco-friendly urbanization and facilitate coordinated economic development in both urban and rural areas through green transitions. As a comprehensive ecological initiative, the NFCC stimulates local employment through various unexpected channels. This study examines the employment effects of the NFCC using a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) approach, analyzing a panel dataset of 289 prefectures in China from 2002 to 2019. We find that the NFCC increased local employment by an average of 7.08 % in prefectures adopting the policy compared to those without implementation. The policy promotes employment through several mechanisms: (1) stimulating growth in forest-related industries and enhancing business performance, (2) improving the ecological environment to generate indirect job opportunities, and (3) promoting local infrastructure development, which creates additional jobs and attracts skilled workers. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that NFCC benefits extend beyond the primary sector, driving employment growth in manufacturing and service sectors, particularly among private and self-employed workers in forest-rich regions. These findings demonstrate the potential of government-led green initiatives to foster flexible employment opportunities and address job losses in traditional sectors. To maximize long-term benefits, we recommend targeted investments in vocational training and workforce development to align with the demands of the green economy.
{"title":"The impact of National Forest City Construction on local employment: Evidence from China","authors":"Jingqi Dang, Jingru Wang, Bingqian Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103421","url":null,"abstract":"The National Forest City Construction (NFCC) initiative aims to improve regional greening levels, optimize ecosystem services, and achieve sustainable development. This policy serves as a key measure to promote eco-friendly urbanization and facilitate coordinated economic development in both urban and rural areas through green transitions. As a comprehensive ecological initiative, the NFCC stimulates local employment through various unexpected channels. This study examines the employment effects of the NFCC using a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) approach, analyzing a panel dataset of 289 prefectures in China from 2002 to 2019. We find that the NFCC increased local employment by an average of 7.08 % in prefectures adopting the policy compared to those without implementation. The policy promotes employment through several mechanisms: (1) stimulating growth in forest-related industries and enhancing business performance, (2) improving the ecological environment to generate indirect job opportunities, and (3) promoting local infrastructure development, which creates additional jobs and attracts skilled workers. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that NFCC benefits extend beyond the primary sector, driving employment growth in manufacturing and service sectors, particularly among private and self-employed workers in forest-rich regions. These findings demonstrate the potential of government-led green initiatives to foster flexible employment opportunities and address job losses in traditional sectors. To maximize long-term benefits, we recommend targeted investments in vocational training and workforce development to align with the demands of the green economy.","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103410
Thomas Knoke, Peter Biber, Tobias Schula, Jonathan Fibich, Benjamin Gang
Increasingly uncertain decision outcomes prevail in forest management and hamper choosing a single optimal management alternative. Confronting all management alternatives with multiple future scenarios and selecting an alternative minimising the regret under the worst scenario may provide suitable guidance under such uncertainty. Here, we search for future forested landscape compositions using regret minimisation for different objectives. We consider even-aged and uneven-aged stand types (called close-to-nature stand types) as management alternatives. Close-to-nature forest stand types supported the minimisation of regret for all objectives (represented by financial return, volume increment, C-storage, and two biodiversity indicators). However, close-to-nature stand types covered 18 % to 43 % of the future forest landscape in our study, which shows that even-aged stands are also necessary. For example, supporting biodiversity or multiple objectives simultaneously required large proportions of light-demanding and climate-change-tolerant Oak stands (even aged). Such Oak stands are difficult to achieve under shady conditions with limited canopy openings, which is typical for uneven-aged systems. Building on robust Pareto frontiers, we show a substantial trade-off between supporting biodiversity and maximising financial return but only a moderate trade-off between supporting biodiversity and maximising the C storage in a forest landscape. We suggest that such landscape-level trade-offs be quantified and discussed more intensively.
{"title":"Minimising the relative regret of future forest landscape compositions: The role of close-to-nature stand types","authors":"Thomas Knoke, Peter Biber, Tobias Schula, Jonathan Fibich, Benjamin Gang","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103410","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly uncertain decision outcomes prevail in forest management and hamper choosing a single optimal management alternative. Confronting all management alternatives with multiple future scenarios and selecting an alternative minimising the regret under the worst scenario may provide suitable guidance under such uncertainty. Here, we search for future forested landscape compositions using regret minimisation for different objectives. We consider even-aged and uneven-aged stand types (called close-to-nature stand types) as management alternatives. Close-to-nature forest stand types supported the minimisation of regret for all objectives (represented by financial return, volume increment, C-storage, and two biodiversity indicators). However, close-to-nature stand types covered 18 % to 43 % of the future forest landscape in our study, which shows that even-aged stands are also necessary. For example, supporting biodiversity or multiple objectives simultaneously required large proportions of light-demanding and climate-change-tolerant Oak stands (even aged). Such Oak stands are difficult to achieve under shady conditions with limited canopy openings, which is typical for uneven-aged systems. Building on robust Pareto frontiers, we show a substantial trade-off between supporting biodiversity and maximising financial return but only a moderate trade-off between supporting biodiversity and maximising the C storage in a forest landscape. We suggest that such landscape-level trade-offs be quantified and discussed more intensively.","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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