田径场草皮的可持续性:在两种裁剪高度下有机草皮和合成草皮的比较

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI:10.1002/csc2.21317
William M. Dest, J. Scott Ebdon
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在运动草坪研究中,缺乏对有机草坪和人工合成草坪进行长达数年的长期比较。我们的目标是调查 8 年间比赛场地的质量和土壤特性。在这项试验中,种植了肯塔基蓝草(KBG,Poa pratensis L.)草皮,并每年与多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)和 KBG 混播。影响因素包括割草高度(3.2 厘米和 6.4 厘米)和管理系统(MS;合成和有机),共设三个重复。人工合成方法包括化肥和杀虫剂,而有机系统则使用人工除草和生物肥料(叶堆肥和天然有机物)以及生物防治。所有年份都在秋季使用滑动磨损机模拟磨损情况,并对比赛质量进行评估,包括视觉磨损容忍度、球反弹(BB)、表面硬度和牵引力。在某些年份,还对土壤特性进行了评估,包括 pH 值、土壤有机质 (SOM)、土壤容重、土壤集料稳定性 (SAG) 和土壤可利用钾。两种 MS 的总氮用量相同,均为 196 千克/公顷-年-1,但所施用的钾随 MS 而异(合成法为 7.6 千克/公顷-年-1;有机法为 23.2 千克/公顷-年-1)。合成方法在 8 年中有 4 年提供了可接受的视觉耐磨性(1-9,≥6 可接受),而有机方法只有 1 年提供了可接受的视觉耐磨性。较短的剪草长度(3.2 厘米)一直能提供更好的视觉耐磨性(平均 = 5.6)、更硬的表面(平均 = 51 克)和更高的 BB 值(平均 = 35.8%),符合公认的球员标准。在 8 年中的 5 年里,合成草坪的耐磨性要好于有机草坪,但在其他表面特性方面几乎没有差别。有机耕作法的土壤 pH 值始终高于 6.0(高出 12%),土壤可利用磷高出 20%,SOM 高出 25%,土壤容重较低。在 8 年的模拟交通试验中,有机耕作法最后一年的 SAG 值较高。结果表明,合成方法具有更强的耐磨性,而有机方法则能促进土壤健康,两者优势互补。
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Sustainability of athletic field turf comparing organic and synthetic practices under two heights of cut
Long‐term comparisons over several years between organic and synthetic management are lacking in sports turf research. Our objective was to investigate playing surface qualities and soil properties over an 8‐year period. For this trial, Kentucky bluegrass (KBG, Poa pratensis L.) sod was established and annually inter‐seeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and KBG. Factors included height of cut (3.2 and 6.4 cm) and management systems (MSs; synthetic and organic) with three replicates. Synthetic practices included chemical fertilizers and pesticides, while the organic system used hand‐weeding and biological fertilizers (leaf compost and naturally derived organics) with biological controls. In all years, wear was simulated in the fall using a slip‐wear machine and evaluated for playing qualities including visual wear tolerance, ball bounce (BB), surface hardness, and traction. Soil properties were evaluated in some years including pH, soil organic matter (SOM), soil bulk density, soil aggregate stability (SAG), and soil available P. Both MS received the same total N of 196 kg ha−1 year−1 but P applied varied with the MS (synthetic, 7.6 kg ha−1 year−1; organic, 23.2 kg ha−1 year−1). Synthetic practices provided acceptable visual wear tolerance (1–9, ≥6 acceptable) in 4 of 8 years compared to only 1 year for organic practices. Shorter cut grass (3.2 cm) consistently provided better visual wear tolerance (average = 5.6), harder surfaces (average = 51 g), and higher BB (average = 35.8%) consistent with accepted player standards. Synthetic practices afforded better tolerance to wear compared to organic practices in 5 of 8 years but little difference was observed in the other surface properties. Organic practices were consistently above 6.0 in soil pH (higher by 12%), 20% higher in soil available P, 25% higher in SOM, and with lower soil bulk density. SAG was higher following 8 years of simulated traffic by the last year of the test under organic practices. Results suggest competing benefits with synthetic practices affording better wear tolerance while organic practices promote better soil health.
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来源期刊
Crop Science
Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.70%
发文量
197
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Articles in Crop Science are of interest to researchers, policy makers, educators, and practitioners. The scope of articles in Crop Science includes crop breeding and genetics; crop physiology and metabolism; crop ecology, production, and management; seed physiology, production, and technology; turfgrass science; forage and grazing land ecology and management; genomics, molecular genetics, and biotechnology; germplasm collections and their use; and biomedical, health beneficial, and nutritionally enhanced plants. Crop Science publishes thematic collections of articles across its scope and includes topical Review and Interpretation, and Perspectives articles.
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