Chinmay Laxmeshwar, Asha Hegde, Alpana Dange, Kannan Mariyappan, Manish Soosai, Sandeep Mane, Murugesan Sivasubramanian, Mahesh Doddamane, Madhuri Mukherjee, G. S. Shreenivas, Manoj Pardesi, Vinod Jambhale, Venkateswara Rao Pakkela, Vijayaraman Arumugam, Vedant Rungta, Yashika Bansal, Jatin Chaudary, Vijay Yeldandi, Mahalingam Periasamy, Chengappa Uthappa, Sudhir Chawla, Sunita Upadhyaya, Melissa Nyendak, Venkatesan Chakrapani, Sheela Godbole, Vinita Verma, Bhawani Singh Kushwaha, Chinmoyee Das, Shobini Rajan, Anoop Kumar Puri, J. V. R. Prasada Rao, Tarun Bhatnagar, D. C. S. Reddy, Kimberly Green
{"title":"印度通过以社区为基础、PLHIV 网络主导和私人从业者模式分发的 HIV 自我检测包的可接受性、可用性和付费意愿：STAR III 计划的结果。","authors":"Chinmay Laxmeshwar, Asha Hegde, Alpana Dange, Kannan Mariyappan, Manish Soosai, Sandeep Mane, Murugesan Sivasubramanian, Mahesh Doddamane, Madhuri Mukherjee, G. S. Shreenivas, Manoj Pardesi, Vinod Jambhale, Venkateswara Rao Pakkela, Vijayaraman Arumugam, Vedant Rungta, Yashika Bansal, Jatin Chaudary, Vijay Yeldandi, Mahalingam Periasamy, Chengappa Uthappa, Sudhir Chawla, Sunita Upadhyaya, Melissa Nyendak, Venkatesan Chakrapani, Sheela Godbole, Vinita Verma, Bhawani Singh Kushwaha, Chinmoyee Das, Shobini Rajan, Anoop Kumar Puri, J. V. R. Prasada Rao, Tarun Bhatnagar, D. C. S. Reddy, Kimberly Green","doi":"10.1002/jia2.26348","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Introduction</h3>\n \n <p>HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been shown to increase the uptake of HIV testing and help achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. This study assessed the acceptability, usability (ease of use and result interpretation) and the willingness to pay for HIVST kits distributed through three distribution models, namely the community-based, PLHIV network-led and private practitioners models, in India.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>This cross-sectional study was implemented across 14 states in India between September 2021 and June 2022. All participants could choose between blood-based or oral-fluid-based test kits. Participants were shown a test-kit usage demonstration video, and pre- and post-test counselling was provided for all. Participants were followed-up after testing, and if reported reactive, were further supported for linkage to confirmatory testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Among the 90,605 participants found eligible, 88,080 (97%) accepted an HIVST kit. Among the 87,976 who reported using an HIVST kit, 45,207 (51%) preferred a blood-based kit, and 42,120 (48%) reported testing for the first time. For future testing, 77,064 (88%) reported preferring HIVST over other HIV testing methods. Among those who used the kit, 83,308 (95%) found the kit easy to use, and 83,237 (95%) reported that the test results were easy to interpret. Among those who preferred HIVST for future use, 52,136 (69%) were willing to pay for the kit, with 35,854 (69%) of those willing to pay less than US$ 1.20. Only one instance of social harm was reported, with a participant reporting suicidal tendencies due to discord with their partner.</p>\n \n <p>Out of 328 participants (0.4%) who tested reactive with HIVST, 291 (89%) were linked to confirmatory testing; of these, 254 were confirmed HIV positive, and 216 (85%) successfully initiated ART.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Overall, we report that nearly all participants were willing to accept HIVST, found the test kits easy to use and interpret, and about two-thirds were willing to pay for HIVST. Given the high levels of acceptance and the ability to reach a large proportion of first-time testers, HIVST in India could contribute to achieving the UNAIDS first 95 and ending the HIV epidemic.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310287/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Acceptability, usability, and willingness to pay for HIV self-test kits distributed through community-based, PLHIV network-led and private practitioners models in India: Results from the STAR III Initiative\",\"authors\":\"Chinmay Laxmeshwar, Asha Hegde, Alpana Dange, Kannan Mariyappan, Manish Soosai, Sandeep Mane, Murugesan Sivasubramanian, Mahesh Doddamane, Madhuri Mukherjee, G. S. Shreenivas, Manoj Pardesi, Vinod Jambhale, Venkateswara Rao Pakkela, Vijayaraman Arumugam, Vedant Rungta, Yashika Bansal, Jatin Chaudary, Vijay Yeldandi, Mahalingam Periasamy, Chengappa Uthappa, Sudhir Chawla, Sunita Upadhyaya, Melissa Nyendak, Venkatesan Chakrapani, Sheela Godbole, Vinita Verma, Bhawani Singh Kushwaha, Chinmoyee Das, Shobini Rajan, Anoop Kumar Puri, J. V. R. Prasada Rao, Tarun Bhatnagar, D. C. S. Reddy, Kimberly Green\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/jia2.26348\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Introduction</h3>\\n \\n <p>HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been shown to increase the uptake of HIV testing and help achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. This study assessed the acceptability, usability (ease of use and result interpretation) and the willingness to pay for HIVST kits distributed through three distribution models, namely the community-based, PLHIV network-led and private practitioners models, in India.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>This cross-sectional study was implemented across 14 states in India between September 2021 and June 2022. All participants could choose between blood-based or oral-fluid-based test kits. Participants were shown a test-kit usage demonstration video, and pre- and post-test counselling was provided for all. Participants were followed-up after testing, and if reported reactive, were further supported for linkage to confirmatory testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Among the 90,605 participants found eligible, 88,080 (97%) accepted an HIVST kit. Among the 87,976 who reported using an HIVST kit, 45,207 (51%) preferred a blood-based kit, and 42,120 (48%) reported testing for the first time. For future testing, 77,064 (88%) reported preferring HIVST over other HIV testing methods. Among those who used the kit, 83,308 (95%) found the kit easy to use, and 83,237 (95%) reported that the test results were easy to interpret. Among those who preferred HIVST for future use, 52,136 (69%) were willing to pay for the kit, with 35,854 (69%) of those willing to pay less than US$ 1.20. Only one instance of social harm was reported, with a participant reporting suicidal tendencies due to discord with their partner.</p>\\n \\n <p>Out of 328 participants (0.4%) who tested reactive with HIVST, 291 (89%) were linked to confirmatory testing; of these, 254 were confirmed HIV positive, and 216 (85%) successfully initiated ART.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\\n \\n <p>Overall, we report that nearly all participants were willing to accept HIVST, found the test kits easy to use and interpret, and about two-thirds were willing to pay for HIVST. Given the high levels of acceptance and the ability to reach a large proportion of first-time testers, HIVST in India could contribute to achieving the UNAIDS first 95 and ending the HIV epidemic.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":201,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of the International AIDS Society\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310287/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of the International AIDS Society\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jia2.26348\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"IMMUNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jia2.26348","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Acceptability, usability, and willingness to pay for HIV self-test kits distributed through community-based, PLHIV network-led and private practitioners models in India: Results from the STAR III Initiative
Introduction
HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been shown to increase the uptake of HIV testing and help achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. This study assessed the acceptability, usability (ease of use and result interpretation) and the willingness to pay for HIVST kits distributed through three distribution models, namely the community-based, PLHIV network-led and private practitioners models, in India.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was implemented across 14 states in India between September 2021 and June 2022. All participants could choose between blood-based or oral-fluid-based test kits. Participants were shown a test-kit usage demonstration video, and pre- and post-test counselling was provided for all. Participants were followed-up after testing, and if reported reactive, were further supported for linkage to confirmatory testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation.
Results
Among the 90,605 participants found eligible, 88,080 (97%) accepted an HIVST kit. Among the 87,976 who reported using an HIVST kit, 45,207 (51%) preferred a blood-based kit, and 42,120 (48%) reported testing for the first time. For future testing, 77,064 (88%) reported preferring HIVST over other HIV testing methods. Among those who used the kit, 83,308 (95%) found the kit easy to use, and 83,237 (95%) reported that the test results were easy to interpret. Among those who preferred HIVST for future use, 52,136 (69%) were willing to pay for the kit, with 35,854 (69%) of those willing to pay less than US$ 1.20. Only one instance of social harm was reported, with a participant reporting suicidal tendencies due to discord with their partner.
Out of 328 participants (0.4%) who tested reactive with HIVST, 291 (89%) were linked to confirmatory testing; of these, 254 were confirmed HIV positive, and 216 (85%) successfully initiated ART.
Conclusions
Overall, we report that nearly all participants were willing to accept HIVST, found the test kits easy to use and interpret, and about two-thirds were willing to pay for HIVST. Given the high levels of acceptance and the ability to reach a large proportion of first-time testers, HIVST in India could contribute to achieving the UNAIDS first 95 and ending the HIV epidemic.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of the International AIDS Society (JIAS) is a peer-reviewed and Open Access journal for the generation and dissemination of evidence from a wide range of disciplines: basic and biomedical sciences; behavioural sciences; epidemiology; clinical sciences; health economics and health policy; operations research and implementation sciences; and social sciences and humanities. Submission of HIV research carried out in low- and middle-income countries is strongly encouraged.
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