Jennifer L Pomeranz, Emily M Broad Leib, Dariush Mozaffarian
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引用次数: 0
摘要
美国的食品供应越来越多地与饮食相关疾病、毒性、癌症和其他健康危害联系在一起。这些公众健康问题部分归因于联邦法律中的一个漏洞。美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)对作为食品添加剂的配料进行上市前安全性评估,但允许食品行业进行自我监管,并根据未公开的数据和结论决定将哪些物质列为公认安全物质(GRAS),而 FDA 从未看到这些数据和结论。此外,美国食品和药物管理局缺乏审查食品添加剂和已在食品供应中发现的 GRAS 物质的正式方法。因此,食品供应中的物质包括无害成分(如黑胡椒)、高浓度有害成分(如食盐)、安全性有问题的成分(如溴酸钾)以及食品及药物管理局和公众未知的成分。最近的一项法院判决将食品及药物管理局现行方法中的这些漏洞编纂成法律,让各州尝试填补监管空白。食品及药物管理局和国会应考虑几种政策选择,以确保食品及药物管理局履行其确保安全食品供应的使命。(Am J Public Health.https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307755).
Regulation of Added Substances in the Food Supply by the Food and Drug Administration Human Foods Program.
The US food supply is increasingly associated with diet-related diseases, toxicity, cancer, and other health harms. These public health concerns are partly attributable to a loophole in federal law. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluates the premarket safety of ingredients regulated as food additives but allows the food industry to self-regulate and determine which substances to classify as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on undisclosed data and conclusions that the FDA never sees. Furthermore, the FDA lacks a formal approach for reviewing food additives and GRAS substances already found in the food supply. Substances in the food supply thus include innocuous ingredients (e.g., black pepper), those that are harmful at high levels (e.g., salt), those that are of questionable safety (e.g., potassium bromate), and those that are unknown to the FDA and the public. A recent court decision codified these gaps in the FDA's current approach, leaving states to try to fill the regulatory void. The FDA and Congress should consider several policy options to ensure that the FDA is meeting its mission to ensure a safe food supply. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(10):1061-1070. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307755).
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) is dedicated to publishing original work in research, research methods, and program evaluation within the field of public health. The journal's mission is to advance public health research, policy, practice, and education.