空间记忆和参照系:我们对身体和环境的依赖程度有多深?

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-10 DOI:10.1007/s10339-024-01211-2
Tina Iachini
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们如何在头脑中呈现外面的世界?心理学、哲学和神经科学给出了两种经典的答案:作为我们行动和感知的生活空间,它依赖于我们的身体;作为具有其特征的持久物理空间,它独立于我们的身体互动。前者基于以身体为中心的自我为中心的参照系,后者基于以环境本身或物体为中心的分配为中心的参照系。这就提出了一些问题,即在使用这些参照系时,对身体和环境的依赖程度有多深,它们是否会受到时间长短和空间大小的不同影响。为了回答这些问题,我带来了运动干扰、失明、环境特征和时间因素对以自我为中心和以分配为中心的空间表征能力的影响的经验证据。研究结果表明,以自我为中心的表征深深植根于身体及其感觉和运动特性,并与现在在小范围或个人周围空间的行动密切相关。异中心表征受环境而非身体特征的影响更大,受视觉而非运动特性的影响更大,而且似乎与大尺度空间或个人外部空间特别相关。根据神经生理学的证据和康德的观点,我们似乎拥有一个内部空间表征系统,可以为我们的目的组织环境信息。这个系统在多大程度上是与生俱来的,在认知中普遍存在,它与奥基夫及其同事发现的神经 "定位 "基质之间的关系如何,还需要进一步的科学研究。
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Spatial memory and frames of reference: How deeply do we rely on the body and the environment?

How do we mentally represent the world out there? Psychology, philosophy and neuroscience have given two classical answers: as a living space where we act and perceive, dependent on our bodies; as an enduring physical space with its feature, independent of our bodily interactions. The first would be based on egocentric frames of reference anchored to the body, while the second on allocentric frames of reference centred on the environment itself or on objects. This raises some questions concerning how deep the reliance on the body and the environment is when using these reference frames, and whether they are affected differently by the duration of time and the scale (small or large) of space. To answer these questions, I have brought empirical evidence of the effect of motor interference, blindness, environmental characteristics and temporal factors on egocentric and allocentric spatial representational capacity. The results suggest that egocentric representations are deeply rooted in the body, with its sensory and motor properties, and are closely linked to acting now in small-scale or peripersonal space. Allocentric representations are more influenced by environmental than by bodily characteristics, by visual than by motor properties, and seem particularly related to large-scale or extrapersonal space. In line with neurophysiological evidence and a Kantian perspective, it appears that we are endowed with an internal spatial representation system ready to structure environmental information for our purposes. To what extent this system is innate and pervasive in cognition and what is its relationship to the neural 'positioning' substrate discovered by O'Keefe and colleagues requires further scientific investigation.

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来源期刊
Cognitive Processing
Cognitive Processing PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
5.90%
发文量
44
期刊介绍: Cognitive Processing - International Quarterly of Cognitive Science is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes innovative contributions in the multidisciplinary field of cognitive science.  Its main purpose is to stimulate research and scientific interaction through communication between specialists in different fields on topics of common interest and to promote an interdisciplinary understanding of the diverse topics in contemporary cognitive science. Cognitive Processing is articulated in the following sections:Cognitive DevelopmentCognitive Models of Risk and Decision MakingCognitive NeuroscienceCognitive PsychologyComputational Cognitive SciencesPhilosophy of MindNeuroimaging and Electrophysiological MethodsPsycholinguistics and Computational linguisticsQuantitative Psychology and Formal Theories in Cognitive ScienceSocial Cognition and Cognitive Science of Culture
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