最后的同类:Scutiger 属(Anura: Megophryidae)是古横断山脉生物群的孑遗物种吗?

IF 3.6 1区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108166
Sylvia Hofmann , Lars Podsiadlowski , Tobias Andermann , Michael Matschiner , Chitra B. Baniya , Spartak N. Litvinchuk , Sebastian Martin , Rafaqat Masroor , Jianhuan Yang , Yuchi Zheng , Daniel Jablonski , Joachim Schmidt
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引用次数: 0

摘要

喜马拉雅-西藏山系的地貌演化仍是一个有争议的问题,导致新生代时期青藏高原的环境和地表海拔存在相当大的不确定性。许多地球科学(而非古生物学)研究表明,至少在古近纪晚期,西藏广大地区就存在接近现代高度的海拔,这意味着3000多万年来一直存在大规模的高山环境。为了探索最近提出的另一种假设古西藏存在暖温带环境的模式,我们利用基因组分析对喜马拉雅-西藏造山带特有的懒蟾蜍(Scutiger)范围内的样本进行了系统地理学调查。我们发现了两个主要支系,以及几个地理上截然不同的亚支系。懒蟾蜍的茎龄和冠龄之间存在很长的时间差,这可能表明其灭绝率很高。根据校准的不同,冠群内部的多样化发生在中新世中期或中新世晚期,并一直持续到全新世。现今的喜马拉雅山蝎虎动物群可能是由古西藏地区南部边缘(外喜马拉雅山=冈底斯山)的蝎虎种群演化而来,而生活在高原东部边缘的现生蝎虎种群可能起源于古西藏地区北部的东部边缘(呼日勒山、唐古拉山)。根据中新世分化时间的估计和祖先地区的重建,我们认为,中新世西藏暖温带地区与隆起相关的干旱化,加上祖先种群的高灭绝率,以及物种分布范围沿排水系统和隆起山脉的表生横谷的迁移,是解释Scutiger系统发育结构的一个合理假设。这一假说与化石记录一致,但与自晚古新世以来青藏高原高海拔的地质科学概念相冲突。考虑到中新世晚期/更新世的分化时间,不能排除从东南亚扩散到东、中、西喜马拉雅山的另一种情况,尽管在这一模式中,基本的进化和生物地理学问题仍未解决。
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The last of their kind: Is the genus Scutiger (Anura: Megophryidae) a relict element of the paleo-Transhimalaya biota?

The orographic evolution of the Himalaya-Tibet Mountain system continues to be a subject of controversy, leading to considerable uncertainty regarding the environment and surface elevation of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic era. As many geoscientific (but not paleontological) studies suggest, elevations close to modern heights exist in vast areas of Tibet since at least the late Paleogene, implicating the presence of large-scale alpine environments for more than 30 million years. To explore a recently proposed alternative model that assumes a warm temperate environment across paleo-Tibet, we carried out a phylogeographic survey using genomic analyses of samples covering the range of endemic lazy toads (Scutiger) across the Himalaya-Tibet orogen. We identified two main clades, with several, geographically distinct subclades. The long temporal gap between the stem and crown age of Scutiger may suggest high extinction rates. Diversification within the crown group, depending on the calibration, occurred either from the Mid-Miocene or Late-Miocene and continued until the Holocene. The present-day Himalayan Scutiger fauna could have evolved from lineages that existed on the southern edges of the paleo-Tibetan area (the Transhimalaya = Gangdese Shan), while extant species living on the eastern edge of the Plateau originated probably from the eastern edges of northern parts of the ancestral Tibetan area (Hoh Xil, Tanggula Shan). Based on the Mid-Miocene divergence time estimation and ancestral area reconstruction, we propose that uplift-associated aridification of a warm temperate Miocene-Tibet, coupled with high extirpation rates of ancestral populations, and species range shifts along drainage systems and epigenetic transverse valleys of the rising mountains, is a plausible scenario explaining the phylogenetic structure of Scutiger. This hypothesis aligns with the fossil record but conflicts with geoscientific concepts of high elevated Tibetan Plateau since the late Paleogene. Considering a Late-Miocene/Pliocene divergence time, an alternative scenario of dispersal from SE Asia into the East, Central, and West Himalaya cannot be excluded, although essential evolutionary and biogeographic aspects remain unresolved within this model.

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来源期刊
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
249
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is dedicated to bringing Darwin''s dream within grasp - to "have fairly true genealogical trees of each great kingdom of Nature." The journal provides a forum for molecular studies that advance our understanding of phylogeny and evolution, further the development of phylogenetically more accurate taxonomic classifications, and ultimately bring a unified classification for all the ramifying lines of life. Phylogeographic studies will be considered for publication if they offer EXCEPTIONAL theoretical or empirical advances.
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