二恶英与全氟辛烷磺酸:科学与政策挑战》。

IF 10.1 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Health Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI:10.1289/EHP14449
Alex J George, Linda S Birnbaum
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:二恶英类化学品是一类无处不在的环境毒物,在 20 世纪的最后 20 年里受到了广泛关注。通过广泛的机理研究和验证,国际社会已就这些化学品的监管策略达成一致,其核心是这些化学品对单一受体的共同叠加激活作用。实施这些法规后,大多数被研究人群的接触量都有所下降。随着二恶英类化学物质逐渐淡出人们的视线,研究和媒体的注意力转向了其他令人担忧的污染物,包括全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)。20 世纪,PFAS 也悄悄地排放到环境中,但直到最近 20 年,我们才意识到它们对健康的严重威胁。目前,关于如何对数千种已知的全氟辛烷磺酸进行适当分类和监管的争论十分激烈,当务之急是为这些 "永远的化学品 "找到解决方案:在此,我们比较了二恶英类化学品和全氟辛烷磺酸的重要特征,包括历史、作用机理和有效的上游监管策略,目的是从过去的经验中吸取教训,改进应对全氟辛烷磺酸的策略:这两类化学品之间的差异意味着针对二恶英类化学品的监管策略并不适用于全氟辛烷磺酸。全氟辛烷磺酸通过基于受体和非基于受体的机制产生毒性,这使得混合物评估变得复杂,并阻碍了开发可准确捕捉毒性的廉价检测方法的工作。此外,二恶英类化学品是不受欢迎的副产品,而全氟辛烷磺酸却是有用和有价值的,这导致限制其生产的努力受到强烈抵制。尽管如此,我们仍可从二恶英类化学品中汲取有益的经验,并将其应用于全氟辛烷磺酸,包括消除新的全氟辛烷磺酸的非必要生产,并积极投资于环境修复,以解决其超长的环境持久性问题。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14449。
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Dioxins vs. PFAS: Science and Policy Challenges.

Background: Dioxin-like chemicals are a group of ubiquitous environmental toxicants that received intense attention in the last two decades of the 20th century. Through extensive mechanistic research and validation, the global community has agreed upon a regulatory strategy for these chemicals that centers on their common additive activation of a single receptor. Applying these regulations has led to decreased exposure in most populations studied. As dioxin-like chemicals moved out of the limelight, research and media attention has turned to other concerning contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). During the 20th century, PFAS were also being quietly emitted into the environment, but only in the last 20 years have we realized the serious threat they pose to health. There is active debate about how to appropriately classify and regulate the thousands of known PFAS and finding a solution for these "forever chemicals" is of the utmost urgency.

Objectives: Here, we compare important features of dioxin-like chemicals and PFAS, including the history, mechanism of action, and effective upstream regulatory strategies, with the objective of gleaning insight from the past to improve strategies for addressing PFAS.

Discussion: The differences between these two chemical classes means that regulatory strategies for dioxin-like chemicals will not be appropriate for PFAS. PFAS exert toxicity by both receptor-based and nonreceptor-based mechanisms, which complicates mixtures evaluation and stymies efforts to develop inexpensive assays that accurately capture toxicity. Furthermore, dioxin-like chemicals were unwanted byproducts, but PFAS are useful and valuable, which has led to intense resistance against efforts to restrict their production. Nonetheless, useful lessons can be drawn from dioxin-like chemicals and applied to PFAS, including eliminating nonessential production of new PFAS and proactive investment in environmental remediation to address their extraordinarily long environmental persistence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14449.

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来源期刊
Environmental Health Perspectives
Environmental Health Perspectives 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
14.40
自引率
2.90%
发文量
388
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) is a monthly peer-reviewed journal supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, part of the National Institutes of Health under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Its mission is to facilitate discussions on the connections between the environment and human health by publishing top-notch research and news. EHP ranks third in Public, Environmental, and Occupational Health, fourth in Toxicology, and fifth in Environmental Sciences.
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