Exposures to chemicals, including phthalates, triphenyl phosphate, and dibutyl phosphate, have been associated with increased levels of lipid markers, such as elevated low-density lipoprotein.
{"title":"A Bigger Big Picture: Insights on Environmental Chemicals and Dyslipidemia through Combined \"Omic\" Analyses.","authors":"Charles Schmidt","doi":"10.1289/ehp15932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15932","url":null,"abstract":"Exposures to chemicals, including phthalates, triphenyl phosphate, and dibutyl phosphate, have been associated with increased levels of lipid markers, such as elevated low-density lipoprotein.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Invited Perspective: Insights into Exposure to Industrial Solvents and Cancer Risk at Camp Lejeune.","authors":"Rena R Jones,Mark P Purdue","doi":"10.1289/ehp16102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp16102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frank J Bove,April Greek,Ruth Gatiba,Betsy Kohler,Recinda Sherman,Gene T Shin,Aaron Bernstein
BACKGROUNDDrinking water at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, was contaminated with trichloroethylene and other industrial solvents from 1953 to 1985.METHODSA cohort cancer incidence study was conducted of Marines/Navy personnel who began service and were stationed at Camp Lejeune (N=154,821) or Camp Pendleton, California (N=163,484) between 1975 and 1985 and civilian workers employed at Camp Lejeune (N=6,494) or Camp Pendleton (N=5,797) between October 1972 and December 1985. Camp Pendleton's drinking water was not contaminated with industrial solvents. Individual-level information on primary invasive cancers and in situ bladder cancer diagnosed between 1996 and 2017 was obtained from 54 US cancer registries. Proportional hazards regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) comparing cancer incidence between the Camp Lejeune and Camp Pendleton cohorts, adjusted for sex, race, education, and rank (or blue-collar work), with age as the time variable. Precision of aHRs was evaluated using the 95% confidence interval (CI) ratio (CIR).RESULTSCancers among Camp Lejeune Marines/Navy personnel and civilian workers totaled 12,083 and 1,563, respectively. Cancers among Camp Pendleton Marines/Navy personnel and civilian workers totaled 12,144 and 1,416, respectively. Compared with Camp Pendleton, Camp Lejeune Marines/Navy personnel had aHRs ≥1.20 with CIRs ≤3 for all myeloid cancers (HR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.49), acute myeloid leukemia (HR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.85), myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes (HR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.62), polycythemia vera (HR=1.41; 95% CI: 0.94, 2.11), and cancers of the esophagus (HR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.56), larynx (HR=1.21; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.50), soft tissue (HR=1.21; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.59), and thyroid (HR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.45). Lymphoma subtypes mantle cell and marginal zone B-cell and lung cancer subtypes adenocarcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer also had aHRs ≥1.20 with CIRs ≤3. Compared with Camp Pendleton, Camp Lejeune civilian workers had aHRs ≥1.20 with CIRs ≤3 for all myeloid cancers (HR=1.40; 95% CI: 0.83, 2.36), squamous cell lung cancer (HR=1.63; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.41), and female breast (HR=1.21; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.52) and ductal cancer (HR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.71).CONCLUSIONIncreased risks of several cancers were observed among Marines/Navy personnel and civilian workers exposed to contaminated drinking water at Camp Lejeune compared with Camp Pendleton. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14966.
{"title":"Cancer Incidence among Marines and Navy Personnel and Civilian Workers Exposed to Industrial Solvents in Drinking Water at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Frank J Bove,April Greek,Ruth Gatiba,Betsy Kohler,Recinda Sherman,Gene T Shin,Aaron Bernstein","doi":"10.1289/ehp14966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14966","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDDrinking water at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, was contaminated with trichloroethylene and other industrial solvents from 1953 to 1985.METHODSA cohort cancer incidence study was conducted of Marines/Navy personnel who began service and were stationed at Camp Lejeune (N=154,821) or Camp Pendleton, California (N=163,484) between 1975 and 1985 and civilian workers employed at Camp Lejeune (N=6,494) or Camp Pendleton (N=5,797) between October 1972 and December 1985. Camp Pendleton's drinking water was not contaminated with industrial solvents. Individual-level information on primary invasive cancers and in situ bladder cancer diagnosed between 1996 and 2017 was obtained from 54 US cancer registries. Proportional hazards regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) comparing cancer incidence between the Camp Lejeune and Camp Pendleton cohorts, adjusted for sex, race, education, and rank (or blue-collar work), with age as the time variable. Precision of aHRs was evaluated using the 95% confidence interval (CI) ratio (CIR).RESULTSCancers among Camp Lejeune Marines/Navy personnel and civilian workers totaled 12,083 and 1,563, respectively. Cancers among Camp Pendleton Marines/Navy personnel and civilian workers totaled 12,144 and 1,416, respectively. Compared with Camp Pendleton, Camp Lejeune Marines/Navy personnel had aHRs ≥1.20 with CIRs ≤3 for all myeloid cancers (HR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.49), acute myeloid leukemia (HR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.85), myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes (HR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.62), polycythemia vera (HR=1.41; 95% CI: 0.94, 2.11), and cancers of the esophagus (HR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.56), larynx (HR=1.21; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.50), soft tissue (HR=1.21; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.59), and thyroid (HR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.45). Lymphoma subtypes mantle cell and marginal zone B-cell and lung cancer subtypes adenocarcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer also had aHRs ≥1.20 with CIRs ≤3. Compared with Camp Pendleton, Camp Lejeune civilian workers had aHRs ≥1.20 with CIRs ≤3 for all myeloid cancers (HR=1.40; 95% CI: 0.83, 2.36), squamous cell lung cancer (HR=1.63; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.41), and female breast (HR=1.21; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.52) and ductal cancer (HR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.71).CONCLUSIONIncreased risks of several cancers were observed among Marines/Navy personnel and civilian workers exposed to contaminated drinking water at Camp Lejeune compared with Camp Pendleton. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14966.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danielle N Medgyesi,Komal Bangia,Emma S Spielfogel,Jared A Fisher,Jessica M Madrigal,Rena R Jones,Mary H Ward,James V Lacey,Tiffany R Sanchez
BACKGROUNDInorganic arsenic in drinking water (wAs) is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, risk is uncertain at lower levels present in US community water supplies (CWS), currently regulated at the federal maximum contaminant level of 10μg/L.OBJECTIVESWe evaluated the relationship between long-term wAs exposure from CWS and cardiovascular disease in the California Teachers Study cohort.METHODSUsing statewide health care administrative records from enrollment through follow-up (1995-2018), we identified fatal and nonfatal cases of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Participants' residential addresses were linked to a network of CWS boundaries and annual wAs concentrations (1990-2020). Most participants resided in areas served by a CWS (92%). Exposure was calculated as a time-varying, 10-year moving average up to a participant's event, death, or end of follow-up. Using Cox models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the risk of IHD or CVD. We evaluated wAs exposure categorized by concentration thresholds relevant to regulation standards (<1.00, 1.00-2.99, 3.00-4.99, 5.00-9.99, ≥10μg/L) and continuously using a log2-transformation (i.e., per doubling). Models were adjusted for baseline age, neighborhood socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. We also stratified analyses by age, BMI, and smoking status.RESULTSOur analysis included 98,250 participants, 6,119 IHD cases, and 9,936 CVD cases. The HRs for IHD at concentration thresholds (reference, <1μg/L) were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.12), 1.05 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.17), 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.41), and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.84) for 1.00-2.99μg/L, 3.00-4.99μg/L, 5.00-9.99μg/L, and ≥10μg/L, respectively. HRs for every doubling of wAs exposure were 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.06) for IHD and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.04) for CVD. We observed statistically stronger risk among those ≤55 vs. >55 years of age at enrollment (pinteraction=0.006 and 0.012 for IHD and CVD, respectively).DISCUSSIONLong-term wAs exposure from CWS, at and below the regulatory limit, may increase cardiovascular disease risk, particularly IHD. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14410.
{"title":"Long-Term Exposure to Arsenic in Community Water Supplies and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Women in the California Teachers Study.","authors":"Danielle N Medgyesi,Komal Bangia,Emma S Spielfogel,Jared A Fisher,Jessica M Madrigal,Rena R Jones,Mary H Ward,James V Lacey,Tiffany R Sanchez","doi":"10.1289/ehp14410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14410","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDInorganic arsenic in drinking water (wAs) is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, risk is uncertain at lower levels present in US community water supplies (CWS), currently regulated at the federal maximum contaminant level of 10μg/L.OBJECTIVESWe evaluated the relationship between long-term wAs exposure from CWS and cardiovascular disease in the California Teachers Study cohort.METHODSUsing statewide health care administrative records from enrollment through follow-up (1995-2018), we identified fatal and nonfatal cases of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Participants' residential addresses were linked to a network of CWS boundaries and annual wAs concentrations (1990-2020). Most participants resided in areas served by a CWS (92%). Exposure was calculated as a time-varying, 10-year moving average up to a participant's event, death, or end of follow-up. Using Cox models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the risk of IHD or CVD. We evaluated wAs exposure categorized by concentration thresholds relevant to regulation standards (<1.00, 1.00-2.99, 3.00-4.99, 5.00-9.99, ≥10μg/L) and continuously using a log2-transformation (i.e., per doubling). Models were adjusted for baseline age, neighborhood socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. We also stratified analyses by age, BMI, and smoking status.RESULTSOur analysis included 98,250 participants, 6,119 IHD cases, and 9,936 CVD cases. The HRs for IHD at concentration thresholds (reference, <1μg/L) were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.12), 1.05 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.17), 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.41), and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.84) for 1.00-2.99μg/L, 3.00-4.99μg/L, 5.00-9.99μg/L, and ≥10μg/L, respectively. HRs for every doubling of wAs exposure were 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.06) for IHD and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.04) for CVD. We observed statistically stronger risk among those ≤55 vs. >55 years of age at enrollment (pinteraction=0.006 and 0.012 for IHD and CVD, respectively).DISCUSSIONLong-term wAs exposure from CWS, at and below the regulatory limit, may increase cardiovascular disease risk, particularly IHD. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14410.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Invited Perspective: Is It Time to Revisit the Allowable Maximum Contaminant Limit for Arsenic in Public Drinking Water?","authors":"Jaymie Meliker,Meroona Gopang","doi":"10.1289/ehp16196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp16196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng-Jiao Peng,Paul Palazzi,Sakina Mezzache,Emilie Adelin,Nasrine Bourokba,Philippe Bastien,Brice M R Appenzeller
BACKGROUNDSome pesticides have been shown to interfere with thyroid functions through changes in thyroid hormone (TH) levels. However, few human studies have explored associations between TH levels and environmental exposure to currently used pesticides, including neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazoles, phenoxy acids, and azoles. Moreover, such studies often measure biomarkers of exposure in urine or blood, and thus reveal only recent exposure. In contrast, hair has been demonstrated to be a suitable matrix for assessing chronic exposure to both persistent and nonpersistent organic pollutants.OBJECTIVESWe investigated 54 biomarkers of pollutant exposure in relation to tetraiodothyronine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T2).METHODSIn a cross-sectional study of 196 healthy Chinese women of reproductive age (25-45 years of age), concentrations of both pollutants and THs were analyzed in the first 12cm (starting from the scalp) of the hair matrix, collected in 2016. Associations between pollutants and TH levels were explored using stability-enhanced least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) by regressing all exposures against each outcome of interest, adjusted for age, body mass index, and city.RESULTSEach TH was associated with the mixture of at least eight of the examined pesticides. We found associations of β-HCH, PCP, DMP, DETP, 3Me4NP, carbofuran, ClCF3CA, imidacloprid, 2,4-D, metolachlor, difenoconazole, and tebuconazole with THs. For example, a 2-standard deviation (SD) increase in log10-transformed hair DMP concentration was associated with lower hair T4 concentration [-15.0% (95% CI: -26.1, -2.21%)] and higher hair T3 concentration [8.16% (95% CI: 1.73, 15.0%)] in the adjusted unpenalized regression models. We also found associations of some pesticides with T3/T4, rT3/T4, and rT3/T3 molar ratios, including PCP, DMP, 2,4-D, metolachlor, difenoconazole, and tebuconazole.DISCUSSIONOur results suggest that exposure to the low levels of pesticides examined here may disrupt thyroid homeostasis in humans. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and to evaluate the long-term consequences of these subtle interferences. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14378.
{"title":"Cross-Sectional Examination of Thyroid Hormones and Environmental Exposure to Multiclass Pesticides in Women of Reproductive Age in China.","authors":"Feng-Jiao Peng,Paul Palazzi,Sakina Mezzache,Emilie Adelin,Nasrine Bourokba,Philippe Bastien,Brice M R Appenzeller","doi":"10.1289/ehp14378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14378","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSome pesticides have been shown to interfere with thyroid functions through changes in thyroid hormone (TH) levels. However, few human studies have explored associations between TH levels and environmental exposure to currently used pesticides, including neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazoles, phenoxy acids, and azoles. Moreover, such studies often measure biomarkers of exposure in urine or blood, and thus reveal only recent exposure. In contrast, hair has been demonstrated to be a suitable matrix for assessing chronic exposure to both persistent and nonpersistent organic pollutants.OBJECTIVESWe investigated 54 biomarkers of pollutant exposure in relation to tetraiodothyronine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T2).METHODSIn a cross-sectional study of 196 healthy Chinese women of reproductive age (25-45 years of age), concentrations of both pollutants and THs were analyzed in the first 12cm (starting from the scalp) of the hair matrix, collected in 2016. Associations between pollutants and TH levels were explored using stability-enhanced least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) by regressing all exposures against each outcome of interest, adjusted for age, body mass index, and city.RESULTSEach TH was associated with the mixture of at least eight of the examined pesticides. We found associations of β-HCH, PCP, DMP, DETP, 3Me4NP, carbofuran, ClCF3CA, imidacloprid, 2,4-D, metolachlor, difenoconazole, and tebuconazole with THs. For example, a 2-standard deviation (SD) increase in log10-transformed hair DMP concentration was associated with lower hair T4 concentration [-15.0% (95% CI: -26.1, -2.21%)] and higher hair T3 concentration [8.16% (95% CI: 1.73, 15.0%)] in the adjusted unpenalized regression models. We also found associations of some pesticides with T3/T4, rT3/T4, and rT3/T3 molar ratios, including PCP, DMP, 2,4-D, metolachlor, difenoconazole, and tebuconazole.DISCUSSIONOur results suggest that exposure to the low levels of pesticides examined here may disrupt thyroid homeostasis in humans. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and to evaluate the long-term consequences of these subtle interferences. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14378.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDRisk of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) due to hydraulic fracturing (HF) exposure is a growing concern. Regional studies have demonstrated links, but results are often contradictory among studies.OBJECTIVESThis is the first US national study to our knowledge linking fracturing fluid ingredients to the human hormone pathways targeted-estrogen, testosterone, or other hormones (e.g., thyroid hormone)-to assess the effect of HF ingredients on rates of PTB and LBW.METHODSWe constructed generalized linear regression models of the impact of HF well density and hormone targeting chemicals in HF fluids (2001-2018) on the county-level average period prevalence rates of PTB and LBW (2015-2018) with each outcome measured in separate models. Our data sources consisted of publicly available datasets, including the WellExplorer database, which uses data from FracFocus, the March of Dimes Peristats, the US Census Bureau, the US Department of Agriculture, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We conducted additional stratified analyses to address issues of confounding. We used stratification to address issues regarding outcomes in rural vs. urban communities by assessing whether our models achieved similar results in nonmetro counties, as well as farming and mining counties. We also stratified by the year of the HF data to include HF data that was closer to the time of the birth outcomes. We also added covariate adjustment to address other important factors linked to adverse birth outcomes, including the proportion of the population belonging to various racial and ethnic minority populations (each modeled as a separate variable); education (bachelor's degree and high school); use of fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides, acres of agricultural land per square mile; poverty; insurance status; marital status; population per square mile; maternal care deserts; and drug deaths per 100,000 people.RESULTSWe found that the density of HF wells in a county was significantly associated with both PTB and LBW rates (percentage of live births) in our fully adjusted models. We report the results from our more restrictive stratified analysis with a subset including only the 2014-2018 data, because this resulted in the most meaningful time frame for comparison. Across all models, the magnitude of effect was highest for wells with ingredients that include estrogen targeting chemicals (ETCs), testosterone targeting chemicals (TTCs) and other hormone targeting chemicals (OHTCs), and, finally, all wells grouped regardless of chemical type. For every unit increase in well density per square mile of wells that use chemicals that include an ETC, we observed a 3.789-higher PTB rate (95% CI: 1.83, 5.74) compared with counties with no ETC wells from 2014 to 2018 and likewise, we observed a 1.964-higher LBW rate (95% CI: 0.41, 3.52). Similarly, for every unit increase in well density per square mile of wells that use TTC, we observed a 3.192-higher
{"title":"A National Study of the Associations between Hormonal Modulators in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Chemicals and Birth Outcomes in the United States of America: A County-Level Analysis.","authors":"Ella M Poole,Mary Regina Boland","doi":"10.1289/ehp12628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp12628","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDRisk of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) due to hydraulic fracturing (HF) exposure is a growing concern. Regional studies have demonstrated links, but results are often contradictory among studies.OBJECTIVESThis is the first US national study to our knowledge linking fracturing fluid ingredients to the human hormone pathways targeted-estrogen, testosterone, or other hormones (e.g., thyroid hormone)-to assess the effect of HF ingredients on rates of PTB and LBW.METHODSWe constructed generalized linear regression models of the impact of HF well density and hormone targeting chemicals in HF fluids (2001-2018) on the county-level average period prevalence rates of PTB and LBW (2015-2018) with each outcome measured in separate models. Our data sources consisted of publicly available datasets, including the WellExplorer database, which uses data from FracFocus, the March of Dimes Peristats, the US Census Bureau, the US Department of Agriculture, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We conducted additional stratified analyses to address issues of confounding. We used stratification to address issues regarding outcomes in rural vs. urban communities by assessing whether our models achieved similar results in nonmetro counties, as well as farming and mining counties. We also stratified by the year of the HF data to include HF data that was closer to the time of the birth outcomes. We also added covariate adjustment to address other important factors linked to adverse birth outcomes, including the proportion of the population belonging to various racial and ethnic minority populations (each modeled as a separate variable); education (bachelor's degree and high school); use of fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides, acres of agricultural land per square mile; poverty; insurance status; marital status; population per square mile; maternal care deserts; and drug deaths per 100,000 people.RESULTSWe found that the density of HF wells in a county was significantly associated with both PTB and LBW rates (percentage of live births) in our fully adjusted models. We report the results from our more restrictive stratified analysis with a subset including only the 2014-2018 data, because this resulted in the most meaningful time frame for comparison. Across all models, the magnitude of effect was highest for wells with ingredients that include estrogen targeting chemicals (ETCs), testosterone targeting chemicals (TTCs) and other hormone targeting chemicals (OHTCs), and, finally, all wells grouped regardless of chemical type. For every unit increase in well density per square mile of wells that use chemicals that include an ETC, we observed a 3.789-higher PTB rate (95% CI: 1.83, 5.74) compared with counties with no ETC wells from 2014 to 2018 and likewise, we observed a 1.964-higher LBW rate (95% CI: 0.41, 3.52). Similarly, for every unit increase in well density per square mile of wells that use TTC, we observed a 3.192-higher","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Invited Perspective: Drilling Down into the Mechanisms Linking Oil and Gas Development to Adverse Perinatal Health Outcomes.","authors":"Joan A Casey,Mary D Willis","doi":"10.1289/ehp15106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Invited Perspective: Protect and Serve-The Potential Role of Folate in Lead Risk Reduction.","authors":"Aisha S Dickerson,Rebecca J Schmidt","doi":"10.1289/ehp16216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp16216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huiying Gu,Luqing L Liu,Alanna Wu,Yongqi Yu,Uzay Emir,Stephen J Sawiak,Paul R Territo,Matin R Farlow,Wei Zheng,Yansheng Du
BACKGROUNDThe role of environmental factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis remains elusive. Mounting evidence suggests that acute and past exposure to the environmental toxicant lead (Pb) is associated with longitudinal decline in cognitive function, brain atrophy, and greater brain β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. However, the nature of Pb-induced amyloid deposition and how it contributes to AD development remain unclear.OBJECTIVESThis study investigates the role of Pb in the pathogenesis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and whether plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) contributes to this process in the APP/PS1 mouse model.METHODSFemale APP/PS1 mice at 8 wk of age were administered either 50mg/kg Pb-acetate (PbAc) (i.e., 27mg Pb/kg) or an equivalent molar concentration of sodium acetate (NaAc) via oral gavage once daily for 8 wk. Amyloid deposition and vascular amyloid were determined by immunostaining. In addition, Aβ perivascular drainage, vascular binding assay, and microglial endocytosis were examined to determine underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging demyelination imaging was performed in vivo measure the level of demyelination. Finally, Y-maze and Morris water maze tests were assessed to evaluate the cognitive function of mice.RESULTSAPP/PS1 mice (an AD mice model) exposed to PbAc demonstrated more vascular amyloid deposition less neocortical myelination, and lower cognitive function, as well as greater vascular binding to Aβ40, higher Aβ40/Aβ42 ratios, strikingly lower Aβ40 levels in the perivascular drainage, and microglial endocytosis. Importantly, exposure to a specific PAI-1 inhibitor, tiplaxtinin, which previously was reported to lower CAA pathology in mice, resulted in less CAA-related outcomes following PbAc exposure.DISCUSSIONOur findings suggest that PbAc induced CAA/AD pathogenesis via the PAI-1 signaling in the APP/PS1 mouse model, and the inhibition of PAI-1 could be a potential therapeutic target for PbAc-mediated CAA/AD disorders. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14384.
{"title":"Lead Acetate Exposure and Cerebral Amyloid Accumulation: Mechanistic Evaluations in APP/PS1 Mice.","authors":"Huiying Gu,Luqing L Liu,Alanna Wu,Yongqi Yu,Uzay Emir,Stephen J Sawiak,Paul R Territo,Matin R Farlow,Wei Zheng,Yansheng Du","doi":"10.1289/ehp14384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14384","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe role of environmental factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis remains elusive. Mounting evidence suggests that acute and past exposure to the environmental toxicant lead (Pb) is associated with longitudinal decline in cognitive function, brain atrophy, and greater brain β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. However, the nature of Pb-induced amyloid deposition and how it contributes to AD development remain unclear.OBJECTIVESThis study investigates the role of Pb in the pathogenesis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and whether plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) contributes to this process in the APP/PS1 mouse model.METHODSFemale APP/PS1 mice at 8 wk of age were administered either 50mg/kg Pb-acetate (PbAc) (i.e., 27mg Pb/kg) or an equivalent molar concentration of sodium acetate (NaAc) via oral gavage once daily for 8 wk. Amyloid deposition and vascular amyloid were determined by immunostaining. In addition, Aβ perivascular drainage, vascular binding assay, and microglial endocytosis were examined to determine underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging demyelination imaging was performed in vivo measure the level of demyelination. Finally, Y-maze and Morris water maze tests were assessed to evaluate the cognitive function of mice.RESULTSAPP/PS1 mice (an AD mice model) exposed to PbAc demonstrated more vascular amyloid deposition less neocortical myelination, and lower cognitive function, as well as greater vascular binding to Aβ40, higher Aβ40/Aβ42 ratios, strikingly lower Aβ40 levels in the perivascular drainage, and microglial endocytosis. Importantly, exposure to a specific PAI-1 inhibitor, tiplaxtinin, which previously was reported to lower CAA pathology in mice, resulted in less CAA-related outcomes following PbAc exposure.DISCUSSIONOur findings suggest that PbAc induced CAA/AD pathogenesis via the PAI-1 signaling in the APP/PS1 mouse model, and the inhibition of PAI-1 could be a potential therapeutic target for PbAc-mediated CAA/AD disorders. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14384.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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