Temperature and pressure effects on the structural and vibrational properties of forsterite from density functional theory studies

Due to experimental challenges and computational complexities, limited research has explored high-temperature and high-pressure conditions on mineral vibrations. This study employs the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the impact of temperature and pressure on the structural properties and infrared and Raman vibrational modes of forsterite. The computational process involves determining lattice parameters, optimizing the internal crystal structure, and calculating IR and Raman spectra at various temperature and pressure values, both separately and combined. Results highlight significant anisotropy in forsterite, with the b-axis being most sensitive to temperature and pressure, followed by the c-axis, while the a-axis exhibits greater stiffness. The positions of vibrational modes typically shift to higher frequencies with increasing pressure (average shift of 2.70 ± 1.30 cm⁻¹/GPa) or to lower frequencies with increasing temperature (average shift of − 0.017 ± 0.018 cm⁻¹/K). Modes associated with SiO₄ stretching and bending are less affected by temperature or pressure than translational and rotational modes. A brief investigation into isotope and chemical substitution, as well as cation distribution, in the solid solution (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ reveals lower wavenumbers in fayalite modes compared to forsterite modes, attributed to the heavier Fe mass and larger cell parameters. This study establishes a methodology for computing vibrational frequencies under simultaneous temperature and pressure and emphasizes the significant impact of various factors on vibrational modes. Caution is advised when using vibrational modes for identifying compositions within solid solutions.