Do readers exert language control when switching alphabets within a language?

We investigated language control in (within-language) between alphabet switching during comprehension by exploiting the overlap between the two character sets of Serbian. We compared recognition latencies to phonologically ambiguous and phonologically unambiguous versions of the same word (PAE – Phonological Ambiguity Effect) to obtain an index of interference between the two alphabets. Evidence for transient control arose from changing alphabets between trials within a block and the larger PAE when the alphabet of the target changed from the previous trial. Evidence for sustained control arose from presenting a single-alphabet block prior to a mixed alphabet block and the larger PAE when the target alphabet differed from the alphabet of the preceding single-alphabet block. We conclude that within-language alphabet switching exhibits effects of transient and global language control during comprehension. However, switching effects (and their temporal dynamics) were evident only when recognition was challenged by the presence of phonologically ambiguous word forms.