Climate responsive insulation strategies: a comparative analysis for enhanced energy conservation and reduced environmental footprint in Indian urban contexts

The escalating global demand for energy to ensure thermal comfort in buildings is a significant concern primarily due to widespread air conditioning use in residential and commercial sectors. Roofs, covering 20–25% of urban surfaces, play a crucial role in heat gain during summers. Implementing insulated roofs is a sustainable solution to maintain optimal building thermal conditions. Previous research shows that insulated roofs significantly reduce energy consumption, effectively mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect. This paper presents the outcomes of a comparative analysis conducted through eQuest building energy modeling software, to identify the most suitable insulation materials for diverse climatic conditions in eight Indian cities, each characterized by its unique climate profile. The study integrates findings related to the thermal effectiveness of insulated roofs employing different insulation materials across these varied urban environments. This comparative investigation examines parameters such as payback period, greenhouse gas emissions, reduction in energy consumption, and optimal insulation thickness to determine the most appropriate insulation material for specific climatic conditions. Insulated roofs using various insulation materials in selected Indian cities have demonstrated significant energy savings, ranging from 33 to 89%. Moreover, there has been a notable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, from 60 to 90%. The optimal thickness for insulation typically falls between 0.0115 and 0.0560 m. PUF, Peripor, and Neopor have emerged as standout performers among the materials tested. The study highlights how insulated roofs reduce energy demand, enhancing sustainability and cost-effectiveness for engineers, researchers, architects, and residents.