估算颗粒应力并区分流动性和可迁移性可改进山区粗河床床面负荷迁移估算结果

IF 3.5 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI:10.1029/2024JF007662
Jordan Gilbert, Andrew C. Wilcox
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于沉积物供应限制、粒径分布广泛、水流水力学复杂以及形态阻力大,估算山区河流的沉积物输运具有挑战性。因此,在河床较粗且基本不流动,但小部分较细且可运输的物质对河床负荷运输的贡献不成比例的河流中,缺乏适用的泥沙输运方程。我们引入了一个用于估算山区河流泥沙输运的框架,该框架解决了两个局限性问题:估算作用于移动颗粒的剪应力,以及考虑粒度分部的移动性(即特定粒度是否能在给定流量下移动)和可输运性(我们将其定义为河床中该粒度有多少会被输运)之间的差异。我们利用两组床面负荷数据,建立了预测床面中每种粒径部分的初始运动和迁移率的方程。我们根据从美国落基山脉的溪流中收集的萌动和泥沙输运数据,以及已公布的区域泥沙产量数据,对新方程进行了测试。使用这种方法得出的输运估算结果是,尽管较细的部分只占河床表面的一小部分,但却占总产量的很大一部分。大于河床粒径中值的部分仅在洪峰流量期间流动,这与现有的山区河流河床负荷数据集一致。这种方法非常简单,只需要通常容易获得的数据:河床粒径分布、水力几何测量和排水量。
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Estimating Grain Stress and Distinguishing Between Mobility and Transportability Improves Bedload Transport Estimates in Coarse-Bedded Mountain Rivers

Estimating sediment transport in mountain rivers is challenging because of sediment supply limitation, broad grain size distributions, complex flow hydraulics, and large form drag. Consequently, sediment transport equations are lacking for application in rivers where the bed is coarse and largely immobile, but small fractions of finer, transportable sized material contribute disproportionately to bedload transport. We introduce a framework for estimating sediment transport in mountain rivers that addresses two limitations: estimating the shear stress acting on mobile grains, and accounting for the difference between mobility of size fractions, that is, whether or not a specific grain size can move at a given flow, and transportability, which we define as how much of that size present in the bed will be recruited into transport. We use two bedload data sets to develop equations for predicting incipient motion and transport rates of each grain size fraction present in the bed. We tested the new equations against incipient motion and sediment transport data we collected from streams in the Rocky Mountains, USA, and against published regional sediment yield data. Using this method results in transport estimates where the finer fractions, despite being a small fraction of the bed surface, make up a large part of the total yield. Fractions greater than the median bed grain size are mobile only during peak flood flows, consistent with the existing mountain river bedload data sets. The approach is parsimonious, requiring only data that are often readily available or obtainable: a bed grain size distribution, hydraulic geometry measurements, and discharge.

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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth-Surface Processes
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
10.30%
发文量
162
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