关于核桃消费与肥胖和 NHANES（2003-2020 年）中美国青少年和年轻成人相对脂肪量关系的横断面研究

IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104407

Nana Gletsu-Miller , Beate Henschel , Carmen D Tekwe , Krisha Thiagarajah

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景核桃含有可促进代谢健康的营养成分和植物化学物质。方法本研究纳入了 8 波全国健康与营养调查数据（2003-2020 年）中的 8874 名青少年（12-19 岁）和 10323 名青壮年（20-39 岁）。使用逻辑回归和线性回归评估了 1) 只食用核桃 (WO)、2) 核桃和其他坚果 (WON)、3) 其他坚果 (ON) 和 4) 不食用坚果 (NN) 与肥胖状况和相对脂肪量 (RFM) 的关系，并按年龄组和性别进行了分层。所有统计分析均使用样本权重。结果在每个年龄组中，两个核桃食用组之间的核桃日平均摄入量没有差异（青少年：2.18 [标准误差（SE）]）：2.18 [标准误差 (SE) 0.14] 克；P = 0.917；青壮年：4.23 [0.37] 克；P = 0.917：4.23 [0.37] 克；P = 0.682）。WON 组的肥胖率最低（青少年：8.3%；青壮年：21.1%），而 NN 组的肥胖率最高（青少年：24.1%；青壮年：35.4%）。模型显示，食用 WON 的少女（几率比 [OR]：0.27；P <；0.05）和食用 NN 的年轻成年女性（OR：0.58；P <；0.05）肥胖几率低于食用 NN 的少女和年轻成年女性。在年轻女性和女孩中，WON 和 ON 组的 RFM 都明显低于 NN 组（P < 0.001）。结论对于少女和年轻女性来说，膳食中核桃和其他坚果的摄入量与肥胖程度的反向关系最为密切。

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A Cross-Sectional Study on the Association of Walnut Consumption with Obesity and Relative Fat Mass among United States Adolescents and Young Adults in NHANES (2003–2020)

Background

Walnuts contain nutrients and phytochemicals that can promote metabolic health. However, the high energy content of walnuts along with other nuts raises the concern that consuming nuts promotes obesity.

Objectives

We sought to investigate the associations between consumption of walnuts as well as other nuts and measures of obesity in adolescents and young adults.

Methods

This study included 8874 adolescents (12–19 y) and 10,323 young adults (20–39 y) from 8 waves of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2003–2020). The associations of consumption of 1) walnuts only (WO); 2) walnuts with other nuts (WON); 3) other nuts (ON); and 4) no nuts (NN) with obesity status and relative fat mass (RFM) were assessed using logistic and linear regressions stratified by age group and sex. Sample weights were used in all statistical analyses.

Results

The mean daily intake of walnuts was not different between the 2 walnut consumption groups within each age group (adolescents: 2.18 [standard error (SE) 0.14] g; P = 0.917; young adults: 4.23 [0.37] g; P = 0.682). The WON group had the lowest prevalence of obesity (adolescents: 8.3%; young adults: 21.1%) while the NN group had the highest prevalence (adolescents: 24.1%; young adults: 35.4%). The models indicated lower odds of obesity in adolescent girls (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27; P < 0.05) and young adult women (OR: 0.58; P < 0.05) who consumed WON than in those who consumed NN. In both young women and girls, RFM was significantly lower in the WON and ON groups than the NN group (P < 0.001). In young men, WON consumption was also associated with a lower RFM (OR: −1.24; 95% confidence interval: −2.21, −0.28) compared with NN consumption.

Conclusions

For adolescents girls and young women, dietary intake of walnuts combined with other nuts has the strongest inverse association with measures of obesity.

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