Design of a logistics warehouse robot positioning and recognition model based on improved EKF and calibration algorithm

Automatic guided vehicles for logistics warehousing are a key link in the construction of intelligent logistics. To improve the positioning accuracy of warehouse robots, we designed an advanced extended Kalman filter method integrating multiple synchronous positioning techniques and map construction methods, and completed the calibration and detection of pallets based on color image information. The results revealed that the proposed multi-innovation enhanced model achieved minimum relative rotation and absolute trajectory errors of 0.13 and 0.09, outperforming existing models. It showcased excellent mapping fidelity and integrity (above 0.9) across various datasets, with a high loop detection success rate (0.91) enhancing map precision. The tray fusion detection algorithm's AUC (area under the curve) reached 0.92, reflecting a balanced accuracy-recall tradeoff. This research offers robust positioning and mapping capabilities in logistics warehousing environments, effectively identifying errors and ensuring pallet accuracy. The detection error and accuracy of this method are better than the other three models, with the lowest average absolute error of 0.32 and the lowest root-mean-square error of 0.27, and the overall error in the detection of pallets is small. The findings provide strong theoretical backing and technical support for advancing intelligent logistics warehousing technology. Precise positioning and identification capabilities enable logistics and warehousing robots to accurately and quickly complete tasks such as access, handling and sorting of goods, greatly improving the efficiency of warehousing operations, promoting the digital transformation and intelligent development of the logistics and warehousing industry, and improving the competitiveness of the industry and the level of service.