Repurposing failed solar projects: Social conditions for successful reuse of photovoltaic systems in Bangladesh

Solar generation has experienced rapid growth in the effort to decarbonize energy systems. However, the sustainable use of photovoltaic (PV) systems entails costly management, leading to the accumulation of abandoned PV panels in developing countries. Reusing these abandoned PV panels appears promising because it is technically and economically feasible in such regions. Despite this potential, there is a lack of social theory identifying the conditions necessary for their reuse. This study aims to fill that gap. Using grounded theory and data from interviews, observations and archives in Bangladesh, this study develops a social theory emphasizing that the successful reuse of PV systems requires acceptance by political leaders. This acceptance is more likely when it is difficult for leaders to exploit PV systems for personal gain. Four social conditions are essential to create such a situation: 1) reducing excess demand for electricity from PV systems, 2) public support for reusing PV systems, 3) political responsiveness through political competition, and 4) careful choice of physical locations of PV systems to prevent privatization.