Recent achievement of graphene in biomedicine: Advancements by integrated microfluidics system and conventional techniques

Graphene and its derivatives have become essential materials in modern biomedical research due to their positive impact on various applications. Moreover, the integration of graphene-based materials with microfluidics technology has opened up new possibilities. The novelty of the current review is considering comprehensive analysis of the transformative impact of graphene and its derivatives in biomedical applications, particularly highlighting the integration with microfluidics technology. While many studies have focused on individual applications of graphene, this review uniquely present a holistic view of its potential across various biomedical fields, including drug delivery, gene delivery, tissue engineering, and photothermal treatment, detection, sensor with respect to conventional and microfluidics techniques. In this review, we analysed published research to unveil the increasing interest in graphene's potential applications in healthcare and medicine, as well as its prospects for further exploration. We explore the fundamental concepts of graphene, its properties, and its latest applications in medical implants and biological fields within the context of microfluidics and conventional prospects. The review also addresses the challenges and limitations of these materials and their promising future, recognizing that graphene research is still in its early stages compared to commercial applications.