向火星和地球运送 DART 撞击喷射物:流星观测的机遇

Eloy Peña-Asensio, Michael Küppers, Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez, Albert Rimola
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摘要

美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的DART和欧空局(ESA)的Hera任务为研究撞击喷出物向其他天体的输送提供了一个独特的机会。我们使用 300 万个粒子进行了弹射动力学模拟,这些粒子被分为三个尺寸群(10 厘米、0.5 厘米和 30 美元/立方米),并受到撞击后早期国际天体物理联合会立方体观测数据的约束。主模拟探索了1到1000米/秒的喷出速度,而次模拟则侧重于速度更快的喷出,速度为1到2千米/秒。我们确定了与向火星和地球输送流星生成粒子相匹配的 DART 喷射轨道。我们的结果表明,发射速度在450米/秒左右的抛射体有可能在13年内到达火星山球体,这在观测范围之内。一些以 770 米/秒的速度发射的抛射体粒子可以在 7 年内到达火星附近。更快的抛射体导致向火星输送更高的通量,撞击地球山球体的粒子速度超过 1.5 千米/秒。输送过程对最初观测到的锥体范围略微敏感,并受同步周期的驱动。向火星输送物质的发射地点主要位于 DART 撞击点的北部,而地月系统的发射地点则倾向于西南部。较大的颗粒到达火星的可能性稍大,而较小的颗粒则偏向于地月系统,尽管这种影响并不显著。为了支持对DART产生的流星体的观测活动,我们提供了有关相遇特征(轨道元素和辐射量)的全面信息,并对释放的流星体的轨道不连贯程度进行了量化。
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Delivery of DART Impact Ejecta to Mars and Earth: Opportunity for Meteor Observations
NASA's DART and ESA's Hera missions offer a unique opportunity to investigate the delivery of impact ejecta to other celestial bodies. We performed ejecta dynamical simulations using 3 million particles categorized into three size populations (10 cm, 0.5 cm, and 30 $\mu$m) and constrained by early post-impact LICIACube observations. The main simulation explored ejecta velocities ranging from 1 to 1,000 m/s, while a secondary simulation focused on faster ejecta with velocities from 1 to 2 km/s. We identified DART ejecta orbits compatible with the delivery of meteor-producing particles to Mars and Earth. Our results indicate the possibility of ejecta reaching the Mars Hill sphere in 13 years for launch velocities around 450 m/s, which is within the observed range. Some ejecta particles launched at 770 m/s could reach Mars's vicinity in 7 years. Faster ejecta resulted in a higher flux delivery towards Mars and particles impacting the Earth Hill sphere above 1.5 km/s. The delivery process is slightly sensitive to the initial observed cone range and driven by synodic periods. The launch locations for material delivery to Mars were predominantly northern the DART impact site, while they displayed a southwestern tendency for the Earth-Moon system. Larger particles exhibit a marginally greater likelihood of reaching Mars, while smaller particles favor delivery to Earth-Moon, although this effect is insignificant. To support observational campaigns for DART-created meteors, we provide comprehensive information on the encounter characteristics (orbital elements and radiants) and quantify the orbital decoherence degree of the released meteoroids.
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