走向倾听的语言人类学方法:日本的权力之耳与 "积极倾听 "志愿者的治安管理

IF 1.8 2区 文学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI:10.1111/jola.12436
Michael Berman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文阐述了 "有力量的耳朵 "这一概念。权力之耳通过倾听者发挥作用,倾听者可以通过倾听改变人们的言行。它以适合倾听者所代表的机构的方式发挥作用。与专注于倾听在互动中的效果的方法不同,"有权力的耳朵 "是一种正在进行中的三元关系,需要倾听者的倾听,并展示了缺席的倾听者是如何影响社会关系的。文章追溯了 2011 年日本发生灾难后,针对佛教 "积极倾听 "志愿者的投诉所产生的影响。尽管他们在志愿活动中没有使用 "佛教语言",但却因 "听起来像宗教的言论 "而被举报,这导致他们的志愿活动暂时中止。本文分析了导致这一谴责的分布式倾听,展示了语言人类学如何重新构建对权力和治理的批判性分析,这些分析往往依赖于视觉和言语。更具体地说,这篇文章探讨了倾听行为的影响,这些倾听行为先于人们想象中的言语,倾听者通过他人的耳朵倾听自己的过程,以及对倾听进行监管可能会疏远倾听与倾听者的方式。
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Toward a linguistic anthropological approach to listening: An ear with power and the policing of “active listening” volunteers in Japan
This article develops the concept of an ear with power. An ear with power works through listeners who can, by listening, alter people's speech and other actions. It does so in ways that suit the institutions on whose behalf the listener acts. Unlike approaches focused on the effects of listening in interactions, an ear with power is a triadic relation in process, requires listening to listeners, and shows how absent listeners affect social relations. The article traces the implications of a complaint filed against Buddhist “active listening” volunteers in Japan after the 2011 disasters. Despite not using “Buddhist language” while volunteering, they were reported for “religious‐sounding speech,” which led to the temporary hiatus of their volunteer activities. Analyzing the distributed listening that led to that censure, this article demonstrates how linguistic anthropology might reframe critical analyses of power and governance, which have tended to rely on vision and speech. More specifically, it considers the ramifications of acts of listening that precede the speech that they are imagined to follow, the process whereby listeners come to hear themselves through the ear of another, and the ways that policing listening can alienate listening from listeners.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
25.00%
发文量
35
期刊介绍: The Journal of Linguistic Anthropology explores the many ways in which language shapes social life. Published with the journal"s pages are articles on the anthropological study of language, including analysis of discourse, language in society, language and cognition, and language acquisition of socialization. The Journal of Linguistic Anthropology is published semiannually.
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