体验开放性可预测观看场景时的眼动行为。

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI:10.3758/s13414-024-02937-z
Nicholas J. Wyche, Mark Edwards, Stephanie C. Goodhew
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引用次数: 0

摘要

个体进行目标导向的空间注意力调配的能力,与他们在环境并不强迫特定调配策略时如何使用空间注意力的广泛偏好是有区别的。虽然这些偏好可能在我们日常生活中如何与视觉世界互动方面发挥着重要作用,但对它们的研究却相对较少。这项探索性研究调查了有关这些偏好的两个关键问题:首先,在进行注意力转移与采用注意力广度时,个人对如何部署空间注意力的偏好是否一致?其次,这些偏好与哪些其他因素有关?在两次实验中,我们测量了参与者对注意力广度(使用改编的纳冯任务)和眼球运动(使用自由观察任务)的偏好。我们还测量了参与者的工作记忆能力(实验 1)以及他们的个性和世界观(实验 2)。在这两项实验中,对注意力广度和眼球运动特征的偏好存在一致的个体差异,但这两种偏好互不相关。工作记忆能力与这些偏好无关。相反,"对经验的开放性 "这一人格特质却能有力地预测眼动行为偏好的两个方面,例如,开放性水平越高,预测的眼动越小,扫描路径越短。这表明,人格维度可能会预测对视觉信息更投入的偏好。然而,个体在观看场景时对注意力转移的偏好似乎并不一定与他们所选择的注意力广度有关。
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Openness to experience predicts eye movement behavior during scene viewing

Individuals’ abilities to perform goal-directed spatial deployments of attention are distinguishable from their broader preferences for how they use spatial attention when circumstances do not compel a specific deployment strategy. Although these preferences are likely to play a major role in how we interact with the visual world during daily life, they remain relatively understudied. This exploratory study investigated two key questions about these preferences: firstly, are individuals consistent in their preferences for how they deploy their spatial attention when making shifts of attention versus adopting an attentional breadth? Secondly, which other factors are associated with these preferences? Across two experiments, we measured how participants preferred to deploy both attentional breadth (using an adapted Navon task) and eye movements (using a free-viewing task). We also measured participants’ working memory capacities (Experiment 1), and their personalities and world beliefs (Experiment 2). In both experiments, there were consistent individual differences in preference for attentional breadth and eye movement characteristics, but these two kinds of preference were unrelated to each other. Working memory capacity was not linked to these preferences. Conversely, the personality trait of Openness to Experience robustly predicted two aspects of eye movement behavior preference, such that higher levels of Openness predicted smaller saccades and shorter scan paths. This suggests that personality dimensions may predict preferences for more absorbed engagement with visual information. However, it appears that individuals’ preferences for shifts of attention during scene viewing do not necessarily relate to the breadth of attention they choose to adopt.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
17.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics is an official journal of the Psychonomic Society. It spans all areas of research in sensory processes, perception, attention, and psychophysics. Most articles published are reports of experimental work; the journal also presents theoretical, integrative, and evaluative reviews. Commentary on issues of importance to researchers appears in a special section of the journal. Founded in 1966 as Perception & Psychophysics, the journal assumed its present name in 2009.
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