英国国家公园的药物污染。

IF 3.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1002/etc.5973
Alistair B. A. Boxall, Rob Collins, John L. Wilkinson, Caroline Swan, Alejandra Bouzas-Monroy, Josh Jones, Emily Winter, Jessie Leach, Ursula Juta, Alex Deacon, Ian Townsend, Peter Kerr, Rachel Paget, Michael Rogers, Dave Greaves, Dan Turner, Caitlin Pearson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

英格兰的 10 个国家公园因其景观、野生动物和娱乐价值而闻名遐迩。然而,由于废水处理效果不佳、季节性旅游、老年居民比例较高以及存在限制稀释的低流量水体等因素,国家公园的地表水可能很容易受到活性药物成分 (API) 等人类使用化学物质的污染。本研究通过在两个季节对所有国家公园中 37 条河流中的 54 种 API 进行监测,确定了英国国家公园的 API 污染程度。研究结果与英国城市的现有数据集以及生态影响和抗菌药耐药性选择的浓度阈值进行了比较。结果显示,国家公园受到广泛污染,54 个地点中有 52 个在两个季节都检测到了 API。共检测出 31 种原料药,其中二甲双胍、咖啡因和扑热息痛的平均浓度最高,西替利嗪、二甲双胍和非索非那定的检测频率最高。虽然原料药总浓度普遍低于以前在英国城市中发现的浓度,但山顶区和埃克斯穆尔地区的浓度高于大多数城市河流。有 14 个地点的阿米替林、卡马西平、克拉霉素、地尔硫卓、二甲双胍、扑热息痛或普萘洛尔的浓度超过了鱼类、无脊椎动物和藻类或抗菌药耐药性选择的关注水平。因此,英国国家公园的原料药污染似乎对生态健康构成了风险,并可能通过娱乐用水对人类健康构成风险。鉴于这些公园是具有受保护生态系统的生物多样性热点地区,因此迫切需要改进对药物污染以及更广泛意义上的污染的监测和管理,这不仅适用于英格兰的国家公园,也适用于世界各地的类似环境。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-14。© 2024 作者。环境毒理学与化学》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。
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Pharmaceutical Pollution of the English National Parks

England's 10 national parks are renowned for their landscapes, wildlife, and recreational value. However, surface waters in the national parks may be vulnerable to pollution from human-use chemicals, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), because of factors like ineffective wastewater treatment, seasonal tourism, a high proportion of elderly residents, and the presence of low-flow water bodies that limit dilution. The present study determined the extent of API contamination in the English national parks by monitoring 54 APIs in 37 rivers across all national parks over two seasons. Results were compared to existing data sets for UK cities and to concentration thresholds for ecological impacts and antimicrobial resistance selection. Results revealed widespread contamination of the national parks, with APIs detected at 52 out of 54 sites and in both seasons. Thirty-one APIs were detected, with metformin, caffeine, and paracetamol showing the highest mean concentrations and cetirizine, metformin, and fexofenadine being the most frequently detected. While total API concentrations were generally lower than seen previously in UK cities, locations in the Peak District and Exmoor had higher concentrations than most city rivers. Fourteen locations had concentrations of either amitriptyline, carbamazepine, clarithromycin, diltiazem, metformin, paracetamol, or propranolol above levels of concern for fish, invertebrates, and algae or for selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, API pollution of the English national parks appears to pose risks to ecological health and potentially human health through recreational water use. Given that these parks are biodiversity hotspots with protected ecosystems, there is an urgent need for improved monitoring and management of pharmaceutical pollution and pollution more generally not only in national parks in England but also in similar environments across the world. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2422–2435. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
9.80%
发文量
265
审稿时长
3.4 months
期刊介绍: The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.
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