一个健康:对趋势和主题的结构性审查和评论。

IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES One health outlook Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI:10.1186/s42522-024-00111-x
Helen Louise Brown, Isabella Grace Pursley, Daniel L Horton, Roberto M La Ragione
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摘要

背景:统一健康(OH)被定义为一种统一的方法,旨在可持续地平衡和优化人类、动物和生态系统的健康。它认为人类、动物(包括家养动物和野生动物)、植物和更广泛的生态系统的健康是相互依存和相互联系的。作为一个概念,它旨在解决需要多学科投入的复杂问题。适合采用 OH 方法的问题通常包括全球性问题,这些问题不仅会广泛影响人类和动物的健康,还会对环境产生重大影响。例如,新出现的人畜共患疾病和抗菌素耐药性(AMR)。文献中对 OH 一词的解释和使用各不相同,有可能会削弱其影响。随着时间的推移,研究界对 OH 的含义也在不断演变。在此,我们整理了过去二十年中与 OH 相关的文献,确定了主要的主题和趋势,并考虑了不同地理区域对 OH 的不同理解:使用术语 "一体健康 "和("兽医 "或 "动物")和("医学 "或 "人类")和("环境 "或 "生态系统")检索了 1980 年至 2022 年期间的文献数据库。数据分析和叙事综合确定了文献中的主题、相似性和差异性。Web of Science 和 PubMed 在上述期间分别检索到 948 和 1250 条结果。主要文献集中在人类健康方面,其次是兽医健康,但通常是为了人类健康。研究发现,OH 通常被用作一种公共卫生方法,一般用于疾病监测和控制的末端。有趣的是,在使用 OH 一词的研究中,来自中低收入国家的作者所占比例较高,但他们作为通讯作者的比例较低:结论:文献的主要重点是人类和兽医的健康,这意味着 OH 方法是以人为本的,尽管它认为所有领域都有一个共同的 "健康"。通过更多地纳入环境科学和社会科学,使 OH 方法更加全面,可对 OH 方法进行潜在的改进。
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One health: a structured review and commentary on trends and themes.

Background: One Health (OH) is defined as a unifying approach aiming to sustainably balance and optimise the health of people, animals and the ecosystem. It recognises that the health of humans, animals (both domestic and wild), plants and the wider ecosystem are both interdependent and linked. As a concept, it aims to address complex problems requiring input from multiple disciplines. Suitable issues for OH approaches typically include global issues which can widely impact not only the health of humans and animals, but also have a significant environmental impact. Examples include emerging zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Interpretations and use of the term OH differ in the literature and have the potential to dilute its impact. The meaning of OH among the research community has evolved over time. Here, we collate the OH relevant literature from the last two decades, identifying major themes and trends and considering how OH has been embraced differently across various geographical regions.

Methods and results: Bibliographic databases were searched using the term "One Health" AND ("Veterinary" OR "Animal") AND ("Medicine" OR "Human") AND ("Environment" OR "Ecosystem") during the period between 1980 and 2022. Data analysis and narrative synthesis identified themes, similarities, and differences within literature. Web of Science and PubMed returned 948 and 1250 results for the period mentioned above. The predominant literature focused on human health, with veterinary health second, although often to benefit human health. It was found that OH is often utilised as a public health approach, generally towards the end of disease surveillance and control. Interestingly, while authors from low- and middle-income countries were well-represented within studies using the term OH, they were less well-represented as corresponding authors.

Conclusions: The predominant focus of the literature was on human and veterinary health, implying OH approach is human-orientated, despite its suggestion that all domains share a common 'health'. Potential improvement to OH could be achieved through greater incorporation of the environmental and social sciences for a more encompassing approach.

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