Carbon-based metal-oxides and MOFs for efficient CO2 detection/reduction to chemical/fuels

This article explores nanocarbons (NCs) decorated metal oxides (MOx) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hybrid nanosystems for efficient CO₂ detection and conversion to energy for environment sustainability. NCs have emerged as promising low-cost sensing and catalytic materials for conversion, which are decorated MOx and MOFs to fabricate hybrid nanosystems. These systems are considered for the next generation of CO₂ detection and value-added products using photo/electro/biological catalytic processes. To cater to state-of-the-art knowledge and aspects, this article summarises the research progress of functional C-based MOx and MOF hybrid materials as effective platforms for desired absorption/adsorption of CO₂ and conversion technologies, which will be part of a circular economy. At the end of this article, limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of C-based materials are summarized to understand and implement the knowledge for advanced sensing devices and efficient reduction of fuel/chemical production. NCs-decorated MOx hybrid materials have shown the potential for highly selective and fast-responsive CO₂ detectors due to their high carrier rates, nominal working temperature, chemical compositions, morphologies, large specific surface area, and high mechanical strength. C-based nanomaterials, such as CNTs, C₆₀, C-QDs, and Gr, might be considered for flexible sensors that enhance stability and limit of detection (LOD). MOFs are highly recommended for CO₂ detection and reduction through adsorption, owing to their interconnected linker arms, cage-like structure, and extensive internal surface area. This article contributes to the ongoing research on innovative materials and strategies for addressing global environmental challenges and energy sustainability through advanced sensing and conversion technologies.