Materials Today Sustainability最新文献

Synergistic toughening of biomass poly(ethylene furanoate) with CO2-derived poly(butylene carbonate) for sustainable materials 生物质聚呋喃酸乙烯与二氧化碳衍生聚碳酸丁烯协同增韧的可持续材料研究

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101324

Bo Wang , Yunfei Wu , Lipeng Liu , Liyang Wang , Zhicheng Qiu , Zhiyong Li , Xu Qiu , Chang Xu , Xijing Zhuang

Poly (ethylene furanoate) (PEF) has garnered attention for its sustainability and superior mechanical properties, making it a promising candidate for biomedical applications. This study focused on enhancing the toughness and compatibility of PEF through innovative blending with CO₂-derived poly (butyl carbonate) (PBC), addressing the inherent brittleness and limited biocompatibility of neat PEF. A PEF/PBC blend with 20% PBC exhibited a significant improvement in toughness, with elongation at break increasing by 67% and tensile strength maintaining at 61 MPa, outperforming conventional biomedical materials such as PLA and PEEK. Biocompatibility was systematically evaluated using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursor cells. Proliferation assays revealed a 45% increase in cell density over three days, while live/dead staining demonstrated high cellular viability (>95%), highlighting the blend's low cytotoxicity and supportive microenvironment for cell growth. Mechanistic investigations suggested that PBC enhanced interfacial adhesion and matrix flexibility, while the addition of ADR as a compatibilizer optimized phase distribution and further improved compatibility. These findings underscore the potential of PEF/PBC blends as bone defect replacement materials, offering a balance of mechanical robustness and biocompatibility. This study lays a foundation for further exploration of FDCA-based materials in advanced biomedical applications.

聚呋喃乙烯酸酯（PEF）因其可持续性和优异的机械性能而受到关注，使其成为生物医学应用的有前途的候选者。本研究的重点是通过与二氧化碳衍生的聚碳酸丁酯（PBC）的创新共混来提高PEF的韧性和相容性，解决纯PEF固有的脆性和有限的生物相容性。含20% PBC的PEF/PBC共混物的韧性显著提高，断裂伸长率提高67%，抗拉强度保持在61 MPa，优于PLA和PEEK等传统生物医用材料。采用MC3T3-E1成骨前体细胞系统评价生物相容性。增殖试验显示，三天内细胞密度增加了45%，而活/死染色显示出高细胞活力（95%），突出了混合物的低细胞毒性和支持细胞生长的微环境。机理研究表明，PBC增强了界面附着力和基体柔韧性，而ADR作为相容剂的加入优化了相分布，进一步提高了相容性。这些发现强调了PEF/PBC混合物作为骨缺损替代材料的潜力，提供了机械稳健性和生物相容性的平衡。本研究为进一步探索fdca基材料在先进生物医学领域的应用奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Compatibilizer effectiveness for the reuse of mixed post-consumer solid waste plastic towards Distributed recycling additive manufacturing 增容剂对混合消费后固体废塑料再利用的有效性，朝着分布式回收增材制造方向发展

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101323

Catalina Suescun Gonzalez , Benjamin Sandei , Fabio A. Cruz Sanchez , Sandrine Hoppe , Hakim Boudaoud , Joshua M. Pearce , Cécile Nouvel

The concept of bypassing the sorting process in post-consumer plastic recycling has emerged as an intriguing solution to circumvent the high costs and inherent inefficiencies of conventional processes. This approach demands the blend of polymers, whose physical properties have been known to be improved with the use of compatibilizers. In this study, the recycled polymer blends based on the two largest-volume waste plastics of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) and high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) at 90/10 wt% are investigated to develop a method that would be able to recycled water bottles directly. This blend was investigated with and without 10 wt% of three types of styrene-ethylene/butylene (SEBS), two non-reactive compatibilizers named by their code G1650 and G1652 and one maleated SEBS cirKular + c1010 - (C1010). It was prepared in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and 3-D printed using a large-format fused granular fabrication printer. The results showed that samples manufactured by conventional methods exhibited increases of approximately 50% in tensile strength and 34% in impact strength compared to those produced by 3D printing. Furthermore, the addition of compatibilizers enhanced the elongation at break by approximately 40% in samples processed through conventional methods.

在消费后塑料回收中绕过分类过程的概念已经成为一种有趣的解决方案，可以规避传统过程的高成本和固有的低效率。这种方法需要聚合物的共混，已知聚合物的物理性质可以通过使用相容剂得到改善。在这项研究中，基于90/10 wt%的两种体积最大的废塑料聚对苯二甲酸乙酯（rPET）和高密度聚乙烯（rHDPE）的回收聚合物共混物进行了研究，以开发一种能够直接回收水瓶的方法。该共混物在添加和不添加10 wt%的三种类型的苯乙烯/丁烯（SEBS）、两种非反应性相容剂（代号为G1650和G1652）和一种马来化SEBS圆形+ c1010 - (c1010)的情况下进行了研究。在同向旋转双螺杆挤出机中制备，并使用大幅面熔融颗粒制造打印机进行3d打印。结果表明，与3D打印制造的样品相比，用传统方法制造的样品的抗拉强度提高了约50%，冲击强度提高了34%。此外，通过常规方法处理的样品中，增容剂的加入使断裂伸长率提高了约40%。

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引用次数: 0

Life cycle analysis of carbon foam production from olive pomace by new green process 橄榄渣绿色新工艺生产泡沫炭的生命周期分析

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101317

Senay Balbay

In the study, 4 g of ground olive pomace was mixed with resins at a 1:1 SAC:VAC ratio using SENAY process which is the new green method, and cured under normal conditions. Open-pore (97 % porosity) carbon foam which is a technological product was obtained by calcining at 500 °C for 30 min. The carbon foams were systematically characterized using High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR) and Raman Spectroscopy to evaluate their properties. The density, strength and tensile rates of carbon foams produced at a 1:1 SAC:VAC ratio are 0.185 g/cm³, 19.5 MPa and 33.27 %, respectively. As VAC ratio increased, the density of carbon foams decreased. It was determined that SAC resin supported pore formation in the carbon foam production process. The carbon footprint of carbon foam in LCA was determined 7.3898 kg CO₂eq./ton. A new area of use has been set forth for the carbon foam production which a technological product of the pomace which cannot be used for agricultural purposes, has negative effects on the environment and can only be used in very limited areas. Simultaneously, this study supports the realization of sustainable development goals by highlighting SDG8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).

本研究将4 g磨碎的橄榄渣与树脂按1:1的SAC:VAC比例混合，采用绿色新方法SENAY工艺，在正常条件下进行固化。在500 ℃下煅烧30 min，制得孔隙率为97 %的开孔泡沫炭。采用高分辨率扫描电镜（HR-SEM）、高分辨率透射电镜（HR-TEM）、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和拉曼光谱对泡沫碳进行了系统表征。SAC:VAC比为1:1时，泡沫炭的密度、强度和拉伸率分别为0.185 g/cm3、19.5 MPa和33.27 %。随着真空比的增大，泡沫碳的密度减小。确定了SAC树脂在泡沫炭生产过程中对孔隙形成的支持作用。LCA中碳泡沫的碳足迹为7.3898 kg co2当量/吨。泡沫炭是一种不能用于农业用途的技术产品，对环境有负面影响，只能在非常有限的地区使用，这为泡沫炭的生产提出了新的使用领域。同时，本研究通过强调可持续发展目标8（体面劳动和经济增长）、可持续发展目标9（工业、创新和基础设施）和可持续发展目标12（负责任的消费和生产）来支持可持续发展目标的实现。

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引用次数: 0

Superabsorbent incorporating coal gasification fine slag for enhanced water absorption 含煤气化细渣的高吸水性增强剂

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101315

Yali Yu , Yan Liu , Yongfeng Zhu , Bin Mu , Xicun Wang , Aiqin Wang

Incorporating inorganic components into a polymer matrix represents an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), with the final properties largely determined by the strength of the interaction between the incorporated components and the polymer matrix. In this study, a novel composite SAP was successfully prepared using coal gasification slag (CGFS), a mesoporous material derived from gasification processes, as a functional filler. Prior to composite formation, the CGFS was subjected to a low-temperature calcination at 300 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere to eliminate adsorbed water, thereby improving its interfacial compatibility with the polymer matrix. This preservation of the micro-mesoporous structure during the polymerization process served as active sites for initiator decomposition, significantly enhancing the interfacial interaction between the CGFS and polymeric matrix. The resulting SAP demonstrated water absorption capacities of 403.9 g/g and 72.4 g/g in distilled water and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution, respectively. Pot experiments further validated the excellent water-retention properties of the SAP in soil. This study not only achieved high-value utilization of waste resources through physical activation of CGFS, but also provided a promising approach for the development of high-performance SAP for agricultural applications.

将无机组分掺入聚合物基体是提高高吸水性聚合物（sap）性能的有效策略，其最终性能在很大程度上取决于掺入组分与聚合物基体之间相互作用的强度。本研究以煤气化渣（CGFS）为功能填料，成功制备了一种新型复合SAP。在复合材料形成之前，将CGFS在300 °C的氮气气氛下进行低温煅烧，以消除吸附的水，从而改善其与聚合物基体的界面相容性。聚合过程中微介孔结构的保留为引发剂分解提供了活性位点，显著增强了CGFS与聚合物基体之间的界面相互作用。所得SAP在蒸馏水和0.9 wt% NaCl溶液中的吸水率分别为403.9 g/g和72.4 g/g。盆栽试验进一步验证了树液在土壤中良好的保水性。该研究不仅实现了废弃物资源的高价值利用，而且为农业应用的高性能SAP的开发提供了一条有希望的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Zeolite-based materials for sulfate remediation: A review of structure–function insights, modification strategies, and sustainable water treatment applications 沸石基硫酸盐修复材料：结构功能见解、改性策略和可持续水处理应用综述

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101308

Amira S. Diab , Ahmed A. Allam , Hassan A. Rudayni , Mostafa R. Abukhadra

The widespread presence of sulfate (SO₄²⁻) in natural and industrial waters poses serious environmental and engineering challenges, including ecological degradation, scaling, and infrastructure corrosion. Conventional treatment methods such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, biological reduction, and membrane separation are often limited by high energy consumption, secondary waste generation, or poor cost-effectiveness. Zeolites, crystalline aluminosilicates with highly ordered frameworks and ion-exchange capacity, have emerged as promising candidates for sulfate remediation. This review provides a critical assessment of natural, synthetic, and modified zeolites, with particular emphasis on how structural features and modification strategies influence adsorption performance. Surface modifications—such as cation exchange, acid activation, metal incorporation, and surfactant functionalization—are shown to significantly enhance sulfate affinity, stability, and reusability compared with raw zeolites. Mechanistic insights into ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and surface complexation are systematically correlated with framework topology, pore dimensionality, and Si/Al ratios. Current challenges include regeneration efficiency, long-term structural stability under realistic wastewater conditions, and cost of large-scale synthesis and modification. Future directions highlight the importance of green synthesis approaches, the design of hybrid zeolite composites, and multifunctional zeolite-based platforms capable of simultaneously targeting anionic, cationic, and organic pollutants. By integrating structural chemistry with environmental engineering, this review establishes zeolites and their modified derivatives as sustainable and scalable materials for advanced sulfate remediation in water and wastewater systems.

硫酸盐（SO42−）在自然和工业水中的广泛存在带来了严重的环境和工程挑战，包括生态退化、结垢和基础设施腐蚀。常规的处理方法如化学沉淀、离子交换、生物还原和膜分离等，往往受到高能耗、产生二次废物或成本效益差的限制。沸石，晶体铝硅酸盐具有高度有序的框架和离子交换能力，已成为硫酸盐修复的有希望的候选者。这篇综述提供了天然、合成和改性沸石的关键评估，特别强调结构特征和改性策略如何影响吸附性能。与原料沸石相比，表面改性（如阳离子交换、酸活化、金属掺入和表面活性剂功能化）可显著提高硫酸盐的亲和力、稳定性和可重复使用性。离子交换、静电吸引和表面络合的机理与框架拓扑结构、孔隙尺寸和Si/Al比有系统的关联。目前面临的挑战包括再生效率、在现实废水条件下的长期结构稳定性以及大规模合成和改性的成本。未来的发展方向强调了绿色合成方法的重要性，杂化沸石复合材料的设计，以及能够同时靶向阴离子、阳离子和有机污染物的多功能沸石平台。本文将结构化学与环境工程相结合，建立了沸石及其改性衍生物作为水和废水系统中硫酸盐高级修复的可持续和可扩展的材料。

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引用次数: 0

Oxygen vacancy engineering and synergistic effects of Ce-doping in NiO octahedra for enhanced photodegradation of organic and antibiotic pollutants 氧空位工程及铈掺杂NiO八面体增强有机和抗生素污染物光降解的协同效应

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101311

Mohd Shkir , Mohd Taukeer Khan , S. AlFaify , Ashwani Kumar , R. Marnadu , Sambasivam Sangaraju

This study systematically investigates the effect of cerium (Ce) doping on the photocatalytic performance of nickel oxide (NiO) under visible light irradiation. The introduction of Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ions into the NiO lattice induces lattice strain and generates oxygen vacancies, thereby enhancing charge separation and visible-light absorption. These defects promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (O₂•^- and •OH), which drive the degradation of organic pollutants. Structural, optical, and electronic analyses of NiO doped with 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % Ce highlight the key role of the Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox couple in facilitating thermally assisted polaronic hopping and improving charge transport. Notably, Ce-NiO-3 % showed higher surface area of 114.4 m²g^-1 than pure NiO. Among all samples, Ce–NiO-3 % showed the best photocatalytic activity, degrading over 95 % of methylene blue within 90 min. The enhanced activity arises from the synergistic effects of bandgap narrowing, defect engineering, and redox-mediated ROS generation. This work provides valuable insights for designing efficient, defect-engineered Ce–NiO photocatalysts for environmental remediation.

本研究系统地研究了铈（Ce）掺杂对可见光下氧化镍（NiO）光催化性能的影响。在NiO晶格中引入Ce3+/Ce4+离子，引起晶格应变，产生氧空位，从而增强电荷分离和可见光吸收。这些缺陷促进活性氧（O2•-和•OH）的生成，从而驱动有机污染物的降解。对掺杂1 %、3 %和5 % Ce的NiO的结构、光学和电子分析强调了Ce3+/Ce4+氧化还原对促进热辅助极化跳变和改善电荷输运的关键作用。值得注意的是，Ce-NiO-3 %的表面积为114.4 m2g-1，高于纯NiO。在所有样品中，Ce-NiO-3 %表现出最好的光催化活性，在90 min内降解95% %以上的亚甲基蓝。增强的活性源于带隙缩小、缺陷工程和氧化还原介导的ROS生成的协同效应。这项工作为设计高效、缺陷工程的Ce-NiO光催化剂用于环境修复提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

A green binary solvent for the electrospinning of cellulose acetate 一种用于醋酸纤维素静电纺丝的绿色二元溶剂

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101310

Vanessa O. Castro , Bastian Zötzl , Maik Förste , Laura Hohlfeld , Susann Rabe , Claudia Merlini , Katja Heise

The demand for sustainable materials has increased the need for benign solvent systems in polymer processing technologies. In the field of electrospinning, the selection of the solvent system is critical not only for determining the final material properties but also for improving the overall sustainability of the fiber production process. Cellulose acetate (CA) electrospinning typically relies on hazardous or non-green solvents, limiting its sustainable processing. In this study, we present a sustainable approach for electrospinning of CA, by identifying and validating a green binary solvent system based on dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). CA solutions were prepared using DMC/DMSO (w/w) ratios of 100/0, 83/17, 80/20, 75/25, 67/33 and 50/50, and the influence of the solvent composition on solution processability and fiber properties was studied. By tuning the solvent ratio, the fiber diameter, surface morphology and mechanical performance could be modified. Higher contents of the more volatile solvent (DMC) led to porous fiber surfaces, while increasing amounts of DMSO led to smooth fiber surfaces. In addition, the mechanical properties of the electrospun fiber mats were strongly dependent on the solvent composition. Overall, this study provides a new and sustainable approach to green electrospinning of CA, establishing DMC/DMSO as an effective binary solvent system for producing CA fibers with adaptable properties for various eco-friendly applications.

对可持续材料的需求增加了对聚合物加工技术中良性溶剂系统的需求。在静电纺丝领域，溶剂体系的选择不仅决定了最终材料的性能，而且对提高纤维生产过程的整体可持续性至关重要。醋酸纤维素（CA）静电纺丝通常依赖于有害或非绿色溶剂，限制了其可持续加工。在本研究中，我们通过鉴定和验证基于碳酸二甲酯（DMC）和二甲亚砜（DMSO）的绿色二元溶剂体系，提出了一种可持续的静电纺丝方法。采用DMC/DMSO （w/w）比分别为100/0、83/17、80/20、75/25、67/33和50/50制备CA溶液，研究了溶剂组成对溶液加工性能和纤维性能的影响。通过调整溶剂配比，可以改变纤维直径、表面形貌和力学性能。高挥发性溶剂（DMC）的含量导致纤维表面多孔，而增加DMSO的含量导致纤维表面光滑。此外，静电纺纤维垫的力学性能与溶剂组成密切相关。总之，本研究提供了一种新的可持续的绿色静电纺丝方法，建立了DMC/DMSO作为一种有效的二元溶剂体系，用于生产具有适应性的各种环保应用的CA纤维。

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引用次数: 0

Biocatalytic degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances from water using multi-walled carbon nanotube/laccase polyamide thin film nanocomposite membranes 多壁碳纳米管/漆酶聚酰胺薄膜纳米复合膜生物催化降解水中全氟烷基物质

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101313

N.K. Ramogale, N. Mamba, B.S. Mbuli, S.P. Malinga

Biocatalytic membranes have emerged as a sustainable approach for removing and degrading detrimental pollutants from water. This research introduces a uniquely engineered biocatalytic PA-TFC membrane synthesised through in-situ incorporation of an MWCNTs/laccase nanocomposite, offering a new integration strategy that enhances catalytic stability, membrane performance, and pollutant degradation. The study distinguishes itself by demonstrating simultaneous removal and enzymatic degradation of PFOA, supported by multi-technique characterisation and superior functional metrics compared to conventional membranes. The Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Infra-Red spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of modified PA-TFC membranes, revealing the presence of an amide band at 1610 cm⁻¹, which is a characteristic of the polyamide thin film layer. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopy and correlative light electron microscopy showed green fluorescence under confocal microscopy, validating the presence of laccase enzyme aggregates. The modified PA-TFC membranes exhibited enhanced hydrophilicity, as evidenced by reduced water contact angle of 42.07° ± 6.89 and high-water flux of 37.40 ± 1.07 L m⁻² h⁻¹. Conversely, the pristine PA-TFC exhibited low hydrophilicity, characterised by an elevated contact angle of 54.42° ± 6.89° and a reduced water flux of up to 9.36 ± 9.36 L m⁻² h⁻¹. This was accompanied by enhanced antifouling properties of the modified membranes, with a flux recovery ratio of over 80 %, compared to 72.55 % for the unmodified membrane. Furthermore, the modified membranes achieved the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal efficiencies of 65.33 % ± 3.52, whereas the unmodified membranes exhibited the removal of 55.06 % ± 0.80. Perfluorooctanoic acid was degraded into less toxic by-products such as perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorobutanoic acid, and formic acid. The in-situ modified MWCNTs/laccase-PA-TFC membranes exhibited enhanced efficacy compared to other conventional biocatalytic membranes, highlighting their potential in advancing sustainable water treatment applications due to their self-cleaning properties and longevity in degrading the PFOA contaminant.

生物催化膜已成为去除和降解水中有害污染物的一种可持续方法。本研究介绍了一种独特的工程生物催化PA-TFC膜，通过原位掺入MWCNTs/漆酶纳米复合材料合成，提供了一种新的集成策略，提高了催化稳定性、膜性能和污染物降解能力。该研究通过展示PFOA的同时去除和酶降解而脱颖而出，与传统膜相比，该研究得到了多技术表征和优越功能指标的支持。衰减全反射傅里叶红外光谱证实了改性PA-TFC膜的成功合成，发现在1610 cm−1处存在酰胺带，这是聚酰胺薄膜层的特征。此外，扫描电镜和相关光电子显微镜在共聚焦显微镜下显示绿色荧光，证实了漆酶酶聚集物的存在。改性后的PA-TFC膜亲水性增强，水接触角减小42.07° ± 6.89，水通量增大37.40 ± 1.07 L m−2 h−1。相反，原始PA-TFC表现出较低的亲水性，其特征是接触角升高54.42° ± 6.89°，水通量降低至9.36 ± 9.36 L m−2 h−1。与未改性膜的72.55 %相比，改性膜的抗污性能增强，通量回收率超过80 %。此外，改性膜的全氟辛酸（PFOA）去除率为65.33 % ± 3.52，而未改性膜的去除率为55.06 % ± 0.80。全氟辛酸被降解为毒性较小的副产物，如全氟己酸、全氟庚酸、全氟丁酸和甲酸。与其他传统生物催化膜相比，原位改性MWCNTs/漆酶- pa - tfc膜表现出更强的效能，由于其自清洁特性和降解PFOA污染物的寿命，突出了其在推进可持续水处理应用方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Radiation shielding properties of Fe-Cu@cellulose composites synthesised via sol-gel method for sustainable X-ray protection 溶胶-凝胶法制备的Fe-Cu@cellulose复合材料的辐射屏蔽性能

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101309

Ali Alomari , Heryanto Heryanto , Dahlang Tahir , Muh Ade Artasasta , Ahmed Akouibaa , Abdelillah Akouibaa , Mohammad I. Abualsayed , Yasser Maghrbi

The growing use of X-rays requires the advancement of radiation protection materials to mitigate the negative effects associated with X-ray exposure. Here, cellulose-based composites were successfully developed with metal (Fe and Cu) as filler, and PVA as an adhesive via sol-gel methods. The enhanced performance of the samples in X-ray shielding was supported by changes in structural-optical properties, such as a high crystallinity index, reduced crystallite size, and broadened phonon modes. The findings in this study show that the 30Fe-70Cu@Cel sample has the highest ability to reduce X-ray radiation, where the performance is attributed to the increase in distance

Δ (L O - T O)

, the increase in peaks in

ε_{2}

, and higher ELF. The enhanced results of LAC and MAC obtained were (0.33 ± 0.01) cm⁻¹ and (1.02 ± 0.02) cm²/g, respectively, at 80 keV X-ray energy with a thickness of (0.108 ± 0.01) cm. Additionally, the experimental calculation results were compared with the theoretical calculation using the XCOM database, demonstrating a strong agreement. Based on the results obtained, cellulose fibers loaded with Fe and Cu could be a material that is effective in X-ray shielding, lightweight, flexible, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly.

随着x射线使用的不断增加，需要改进辐射防护材料，以减轻与x射线照射有关的负面影响。本文以金属（Fe和Cu）为填料，聚乙烯醇（PVA）为粘合剂，通过溶胶-凝胶法成功地制备了纤维素基复合材料。样品在x射线屏蔽中的增强性能是由结构光学性质的变化所支持的，如高结晶度指数、减小的晶体尺寸和拓宽的声子模式。本研究结果表明，30Fe-70Cu@Cel样品具有最高的x射线抑制能力，其性能归因于距离Δ（LO−to）的增加，ε2峰的增加以及更高的ELF。当x射线能量为80 keV，厚度为（0.108 ± 0.01）cm时，LAC和MAC的增强结果分别为（0.33± 0.01）cm−1和（1.02 ± 0.02）cm2/g，并利用XCOM数据库将实验计算结果与理论计算结果进行了比较，结果吻合较好。根据所获得的结果，含有铁和铜的纤维素纤维可能是一种有效的x射线屏蔽材料，重量轻，柔韧，无毒，环保。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing circular additive manufacturing: Life cycle sustainability assessment of gears made from recycled polylactic acid 推进循环增材制造：由回收聚乳酸制成的齿轮的生命周期可持续性评估

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101312

Mohammad Raquibul Hasan , Ian J. Davies , Alokesh Pramanik , Michele John , Wahidul K. Biswas

This study evaluates the mechanical performance and life cycle sustainability of post-consumer recycled polylactic acid (rPLA) for use in the fused filament fabrication of 3D-printed gear components. Five material compositions ranging from 0 % to 100 % rPLA blended with virgin PLA (vPLA) were assessed through tensile testing and gear function trials. To balance the technical evaluation, a comprehensive life-cycle sustainability assessment was conducted, incorporating environmental (ELCA), economic (LCC), and social (SLCA) indicators using a triple bottom line sustainability framework. Mechanical testing showed a slight reduction in tensile strength with increased rPLA content, with the 50:50 blend (V50:R50) achieving 52.83 MPa compared to 61.12 MPa for 100 % vPLA. All the blends maintained functional gear performance with no slippage. Environmentally, rPLA-rich blends significantly lowered global warming potential, cumulative energy demand, and abiotic resource depletion. Economically, although rPLA reduces raw material and energy costs, filament quality variability introduces preprocessing challenges, slightly increasing the overall production costs. Socially, rPLA-inclusive systems have demonstrated strong potential for improving local employment, training, and worker safety, particularly within decentralised recycling networks. The V50:R50 blend achieved the highest overall sustainability score (−1.35), offering the most balanced trade-off between mechanical performance and triple bottom line sustainability, outperforming both pure vPLA (−1.96) and pure rPLA (−1.75). These findings support the viability of rPLA in noncritical gear applications and underscore the importance of future research on quality assurance systems and cost-effective preprocessing technologies.

本研究评估了用于3d打印齿轮部件的熔丝制造的消费后回收聚乳酸（rPLA）的机械性能和生命周期可持续性。通过拉伸试验和齿轮功能试验，评估了五种材料组成，范围从0 %到100 %的rPLA与纯PLA （vPLA）共混。为了平衡技术评价，采用三重底线可持续性框架，结合环境（ELCA）、经济（LCC）和社会（SLCA）指标，进行了全面的生命周期可持续性评价。力学测试表明，随着rPLA含量的增加，拉伸强度略有降低，50:50共混物（V50:R50）的拉伸强度达到52.83 MPa，而100% % vPLA的拉伸强度为61.12 MPa。所有的共混物都保持了齿轮的功能性能，没有打滑。在环境方面，富含rpla的混合物显著降低了全球变暖潜势、累积能源需求和非生物资源枯竭。从经济上讲，尽管rPLA降低了原材料和能源成本，但长丝质量变化带来了预处理挑战，略微增加了总体生产成本。从社会角度来看，包括rpla在内的系统在改善当地就业、培训和工人安全方面表现出了强大的潜力，特别是在分散的回收网络中。V50:R50混合物的整体可持续性得分最高（- 1.35），在机械性能和三重底线可持续性之间提供了最平衡的权衡，优于纯vPLA（- 1.96）和纯rPLA（- 1.75）。这些发现支持了rPLA在非关键齿轮应用中的可行性，并强调了未来研究质量保证系统和具有成本效益的预处理技术的重要性。

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