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引用次数: 0
摘要
关于让-马丁-沙尔科(Jean-Martin Charcot)在研究歇斯底里症时使用图像的问题,已经有很多论述,其中大部分都是批评性的。除了沙尔科为其临床研究制作的病人图像外,还有一幅图像也令当今的学者们十分关注--安德烈-布吕耶(André Brouillet)的画作《Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière》。这幅画在 1887 年的巴黎沙龙上亮相,画中描绘了沙尔科向他的男性听众讲解歇斯底里症的情景,同时展示了一位昏迷的女病人。对于当今的许多评论家来说,布吕耶的这幅画象征着沙尔科对其女性歇斯底里症患者的滥用。与这种解释相反,本文指出,布吕耶的画不仅仅是沙尔科癔病研究的标志性视觉代表,也被沙尔科用作他研究癔病性失忆症的一种积极的认识论工具。通过细读沙尔科在 1891 年 12 月 22 日发表的唯一一次关于癔症性遗忘症的演讲,我分析了沙尔科对癔症性遗忘症产生新医学见解的过程。由此,我追溯了 Une leçon clinique 在这一过程中发挥的决定性作用。
Brouillet's Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière as an epistemic tool in Charcot's research on hysterical amnesia.
Much has been written, mostly in overly critical terms, about Jean-Martin Charcot's use of images in his hysteria research. Besides the images of patients Charcot produced for his clinical research, one other image has preoccupied present-day scholars-André Brouillet's painting Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière. Unveiled at the 1887 Salon in Paris, this life-sized painting depicts Charcot lecturing on hysteria to his male audience while presenting a swooning female patient. For many present-day critics, Brouillet's painting symbolizes Charcot's purported misuse of his female hysteria patients. Contrary to such interpretations, this article shows that Brouillet's painting did not merely serve as an iconic visual representation of Charcot's hysteria research but was also used by Charcot as an active epistemic tool in his research on hysterical amnesia. Through a close reading of Charcot's only published lecture on hysterical amnesia, which he held on December 22, 1891, I analyze the process through which Charcot generated new medical insights into hysterical amnesia. I thereby trace the decisive role that Une leçon clinique played in this process.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of the History of the Neurosciences is the leading communication platform dealing with the historical roots of the basic and applied neurosciences. Its domains cover historical perspectives and developments, including biographical studies, disorders, institutions, documents, and instrumentation in neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychiatry, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropsychology, and the behavioral neurosciences. The history of ideas, changes in society and medicine, and the connections with other disciplines (e.g., the arts, philosophy, psychology) are welcome. In addition to original, full-length papers, the journal welcomes informative short communications, letters to the editors, book reviews, and contributions to its NeuroWords and Neurognostics columns. All manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by an Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, full- and short-length papers are subject to peer review (double blind, if requested) by at least 2 anonymous referees.