Luiz A. Cauz-Santos, Rosabelle Samuel, Dominik Metschina, Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Steven Dodsworth, Kingsley W. Dixon, John G. Conran, Ovidiu Paun, Mark W. Chase
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引用次数: 0
摘要
在过去的 600 万年里,干旱的澳大利亚埃里米安区(EZ)一直保持着今天的干燥状态。一种广为接受的假说认为,在干旱化开始之前,干旱地区的动植物分布更为广泛。在澳大利亚,这一过程大约始于 2000 万年前,随着气候变得越来越干旱,物种也逐渐分化。在此,我们利用基因组数据研究了原生异源四倍体烟草(Nicotiana section Suaveolentes,茄科)的生物地理学和分化时间。来自南美洲的原始全四倍体移民适应了澳大利亚的中生地区,最近在EZ地区,包括沙丘地带(仅有1.2Ma的历史),发展了对干旱的适应。聚合分析和最大似然法分析表明,烟草属(Nicotiana)Suaveolentes部分在公元前6年左右到达澳大利亚大陆,而皮尔巴拉(西澳大利亚)品系的祖先则是在公元前5年极端干旱开始时,通过在当地适应这些不同的古老、高度稳定的栖息地而辐射到澳大利亚大陆的。因此,皮尔巴拉既是中温带的避难所,也是适应更恶劣条件的摇篮,因为这里地形多样,提供了不同湿度的微生境,而且靠近海洋,可以缓冲极端干旱。这使得烟草等物种能够在中温带的缓冲地带生存下来,随后适应更干旱的条件。这些结果表明,最初适应性较差的植物群体可以在原地发展出新的适应性,从而在 EZ 极端条件变化多端、难以预测的情况下仍能广泛而迅速地扩散。
Recent speciation and adaptation to aridity in the ecologically diverse Pilbara region of Australia enabled the native tobaccos (Nicotiana; Solanaceae) to colonize all Australian deserts
Over the last 6 million years, the arid Australian Eremaean Zone (EZ) has remained as dry as it is today. A widely accepted hypothesis suggests that the flora and fauna of arid regions were more broadly distributed before aridification began. In Australia, this process started around 20 million years ago (Ma), leading to gradual speciation as the climate became increasingly arid. Here, we use genomic data to investigate the biogeography and timing of divergence of native allotetraploid tobaccos, Nicotiana section Suaveolentes (Solanaceae). The original allotetraploid migrants from South America were adapted to mesic areas of Australia and recently radiated in the EZ, including in sandy dune fields (only 1.2 Ma old), after developing drought adaptations. Coalescent and maximum likelihood analyses suggest that Nicotiana section Suaveolentes arrived on the continent around 6 Ma, with the ancestors of the Pilbara (Western Australian) lineages radiating there at the onset of extreme aridity 5 Ma by locally adapting to these various ancient, highly stable habitats. The Pilbara thus served as both a mesic refugium and cradle for adaptations to harsher conditions, due to its high topographical diversity, providing microhabitats with varying moisture levels and its proximity to the ocean, which buffers against extreme aridity. This enabled species like Nicotiana to survive in mesic refugia and subsequently adapt to more arid conditions. These results demonstrate that initially poorly adapted plant groups can develop novel adaptations in situ, permitting extensive and rapid dispersal despite the highly variable and unpredictable extreme conditions of the EZ.
期刊介绍:
Molecular Ecology publishes papers that utilize molecular genetic techniques to address consequential questions in ecology, evolution, behaviour and conservation. Studies may employ neutral markers for inference about ecological and evolutionary processes or examine ecologically important genes and their products directly. We discourage papers that are primarily descriptive and are relevant only to the taxon being studied. Papers reporting on molecular marker development, molecular diagnostics, barcoding, or DNA taxonomy, or technical methods should be re-directed to our sister journal, Molecular Ecology Resources. Likewise, papers with a strongly applied focus should be submitted to Evolutionary Applications. Research areas of interest to Molecular Ecology include:
* population structure and phylogeography
* reproductive strategies
* relatedness and kin selection
* sex allocation
* population genetic theory
* analytical methods development
* conservation genetics
* speciation genetics
* microbial biodiversity
* evolutionary dynamics of QTLs
* ecological interactions
* molecular adaptation and environmental genomics
* impact of genetically modified organisms