Census and properties of mesoscale eddies in the Kuril Basin of the Okhotsk Sea

High spatial-resolution satellite images show the presence of numerous eddies in the deep Kuril Basin of the Okhotsk Sea, where in-situ measurements acquired within eddies are relatively rare. We conducted the first altimetry-based systematic census of mesoscale eddies in the Kuril Basin in 1993–2021 using the automatic eddy tracking algorithm AMEDA. The dominance of cyclonic eddies over anticyclonic eddies was observed, which contradicts the common opinion that anticyclonic eddies prevail over cyclonic ones in the Kuril Basin. The paper focuses mainly on the long-lived eddies with the lateral size in the range from several tens of kilometers to some hundreds of kilometers and with the lifetime exceeding 30 days. It was found that these eddies are inhomogeneously distributed over the study area with high values of occurrence frequency in some domains. This is explained by the topographic features and peculiarities of the circulation in the Basin where Soya Warm Current water, Okhotsk Sea water and subarctic Pacific water circulate and mix. The fractions of these water masses and their seasonal and interannual variations within the surface cores of the eddy were estimated using a particle-tracking technique. The kinematic characteristics of these eddies have been computed as well. The vast majority of the anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies have the nonlinearity parameter exceeding one implying that the eddies in the Kuril Basin are coherent features transporting water with its properties. Peculiarities in distribution of formation, occurrence and decay locations have been analyzed. Our results have been compared with shipboard and buoy's observations and numerical simulation of eddies in the Kuril Basin.