灌溉和氮肥管理决定旱地条件下冬小麦的干物质积累和产量

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI:10.1111/jac.12745
Lijuan Ma, Muhammad Fraz Ali, Yulan Ye, Xiaohu Huang, Zili Peng, Muhammad Asad Naseer, Rui Wang, Dong Wang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

作物产量的提高主要归功于基因进步以及氮(N)和水贡献增加的综合效应。干物质的积累在决定冬小麦谷物产量方面起着至关重要的作用。目前的研究旨在更好地了解源汇动态,分析开花前后的干物质运输(DMT),并计算其与谷物产量的比率。本试验选择了陕西省自 20 世纪 40 年代以来广泛种植的 8 个主要冬小麦品种作为种植材料。对产量相关参数、干物质积累、干物质分布、DMT 和 DMT 效率进行了测定。结果表明,灌溉延长了干物质积累的时间,施用氮肥提高了干物质积累的速度。对冬小麦干物质动态特征参数的分析表明,灌溉和氮对干物质积累率有显著影响。随着品种改良,新品种的茎、叶、穗比例显著增加(p < 0.05),分别增加了 56.67%-69.7%、13.26%-18.07% 和 15.78%-28.26%。DMT 效率随品种改良而提高,也随灌溉和氮施用量的增加而提高。灌溉处理对 DMT 和干物质的响应更为显著。此外,灌溉处理对开花后无性器官的 DMT 效率影响更大。对数方程分析表明,水分胁迫会加速最高日温(Tmax)的达到,而随着水分胁迫的增加,最高生长速率(Gmax)和干物质重量(Wmax)都会降低。花后干物质积累与谷物产量之间呈正线性关系。结构方程模型显示,品种、氮施用量和灌溉对 DMT、花后干物质和谷物产量有显著的正效应,而灌溉对 DMT 效率有显著的负效应。冬小麦花后干物质的积累随品种的演替而显著增加。适度亏缺灌溉与施肥相结合可改善冬小麦的运输和花后干物质积累,从而提高其生产能力。
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Irrigation and Nitrogen Management Determine Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Winter Wheat Under Dryland Conditions

The increase in crop yield can be primarily attributed to the combined effect of genetic advancements, as well as increased contributions from nitrogen (N) and water. The accumulation of dry matter plays a crucial role in determining grain yield in winter wheat. The current study aimed to better understand the source-sink dynamics, analyse the dry matter transport (DMT) before and after anthesis and calculate its ratio to grain yield. In this experiment, eight main cultivars of winter wheat that have been widely cultivated in Shaanxi Province since the 1940s were selected as planting material. Field examinations were conducted using three levels of both irrigation and N. The yield-related parameters, dry matter accumulation, dry matter distribution, DMT and DMT efficiency were measured. The results showed that irrigation prolonged the time of dry matter accumulation, and the application of N fertiliser increased the rate of dry matter accumulation. The analysis of the dynamic characteristic parameters of dry matter in winter wheat showed that irrigation and N had a significant impact on rate of dry matter accumulation. The proportion of stems, leaves and spikes of new varieties increased significantly (p < 0.05), which increased by 56.67%–69.7%, 13.26%–18.07% and 15.78%–28.26%, respectively, with the varietal improvement. The DMT efficiency increased with varietal improvement and also with increased irrigation and N application. The response of irrigation treatment to DMT and dry matter was more significant. In addition, the irrigation treatment had a higher effect on the DMT efficiency of vegetative organs after anthesis. The logistic equation analysis revealed that water stress accelerated the fulfilment of maximum daily temperature (Tmax), while both the maximum growth rate (Gmax) and dry matter weight (Wmax) decreased as water stress increased. There was a positive linear relationship between dry matter accumulation after anthesis and grain yield. The structural equation model showed that varieties, N application and irrigation had significant positive effects on DMT, post-anthesis dry matter and grain yield, while irrigation had significant negative effects on DMT efficiency. The accumulation of dry matter in winter wheat after anthesis showed a significant increase with the succession of varieties. The combination of moderate deficit irrigation and fertilisation improved transportation and dry matter accumulation after anthesis in winter wheat, thereby enhancing its production capacity.

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来源期刊
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
5.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
7.8 months
期刊介绍: The effects of stress on crop production of agricultural cultivated plants will grow to paramount importance in the 21st century, and the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science aims to assist in understanding these challenges. In this context, stress refers to extreme conditions under which crops and forages grow. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on the general and special science of abiotic plant stress. Specific topics include: drought, including water-use efficiency, such as salinity, alkaline and acidic stress, extreme temperatures since heat, cold and chilling stress limit the cultivation of crops, flooding and oxidative stress, and means of restricting them. Special attention is on research which have the topic of narrowing the yield gap. The Journal will give preference to field research and studies on plant stress highlighting these subsections. Particular regard is given to application-oriented basic research and applied research. The application of the scientific principles of agricultural crop experimentation is an essential prerequisite for the publication. Studies based on field experiments must show that they have been repeated (at least three times) on the same organism or have been conducted on several different varieties.
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