流感疫苗的有效性和普及流感疫苗的进展。

IF 13 1区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Drugs Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-21 DOI:10.1007/s40265-024-02083-8
Benjamin J Cowling, George N Okoli
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近几十年来,人们在不同时期对通用流感疫苗的潜力产生了极大的乐观情绪,这种疫苗可提供强效、广泛和持久的保护,并能大大减轻与季节性流感流行相关的疾病负担以及流感大流行带来的威胁。全世界每年接种的季节性流感疫苗超过 5 亿剂,其中大部分是鸡蛋培养的亚单位灭活疫苗或裂解病毒疫苗。这些疫苗对甲型 H1N1 流感和乙型流感的预防效果一般,对甲型 H3N2 流感的预防效果略低,由于疫苗菌株的抗原漂移和鸡蛋适应性,疫苗菌株和流行菌株之间的差异会更频繁地出现。目前已开发出几种增强型流感疫苗平台,包括细胞生长抗原、加入佐剂或提高抗原剂量,以提高免疫原性和保护能力。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,包括 mRNA 疫苗和病毒载体疫苗在内的相对较新的疫苗平台的开发和推广速度达到了前所未有的水平。这些新平台提供了超越现有产品、提高流感防护能力的机会。其他方法仍在探索之中。在中短期内,流感疫苗的性能应该可以逐步提高。
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Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness and Progress Towards a Universal Influenza Vaccine.

At various times in recent decades, surges have occurred in optimism about the potential for universal influenza vaccines that provide strong, broad, and long-lasting protection and could substantially reduce the disease burden associated with seasonal influenza epidemics as well as the threat posed by pandemic influenza. Each year more than 500 million doses of seasonal influenza vaccine are administered around the world, with most doses being egg-grown inactivated subunit or split-virion vaccines. These vaccines tend to have moderate effectiveness against medically attended influenza for influenza A(H1N1) and influenza B, and somewhat lower for influenza A(H3N2) where differences between vaccine strains and circulating strains can occur more frequently due to antigenic drift and egg adaptations in the vaccine strains. Several enhanced influenza vaccine platforms have been developed including cell-grown antigen, the inclusion of adjuvants, or higher antigen doses, to improve immunogenicity and protection. During the COVID-19 pandemic there was unprecedented speed in development and roll-out of relatively new vaccine platforms, including mRNA vaccines and viral vector vaccines. These new platforms present opportunities to improve protection for influenza beyond existing products. Other approaches continue to be explored. Incremental improvements in influenza vaccine performance should be achievable in the short to medium term.

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来源期刊
Drugs
Drugs 医学-毒理学
CiteScore
22.70
自引率
0.90%
发文量
134
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Drugs is a journal that aims to enhance pharmacotherapy by publishing review and original research articles on key aspects of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. The journal includes: Leading/current opinion articles providing an overview of contentious or emerging issues. Definitive reviews of drugs and drug classes, and their place in disease management. Therapy in Practice articles including recommendations for specific clinical situations. High-quality, well designed, original clinical research. Adis Drug Evaluations reviewing the properties and place in therapy of both newer and established drugs. AdisInsight Reports summarising development at first global approval. Moreover, the journal offers additional digital features such as animated abstracts, video abstracts, instructional videos, and podcasts to increase visibility and educational value. Plain language summaries accompany articles to assist readers with some knowledge of the field in understanding important medical advances.
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