雷达之下臭虫对昆虫病原体、环境细菌和人类病原体的不同反应。

IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Journal of invertebrate pathology Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2024.108182
Hunter K. Walt , Aline Bronzato-Badial , Sophie E. Maedo , Joseph A. Hinton , Jonas G. King , Jose E. Pietri , Federico G. Hoffmann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

臭虫(半翅目:Cimicidae)是一种分布广泛的强制性食血昆虫,但它们从未与人类的病原体传播联系在一起。经常叮咬人类的大多数其他食血昆虫都会传播病原体,但臭虫为何不会传播病原体,目前尚不清楚。一种假说认为,臭虫进化出了一种高度强大的免疫系统,因为它们的交配系统--创伤性授精--使雌虫不断受到伤害和细菌感染。虽然有人提出了这一观点,但人们对臭虫的免疫系统以及臭虫如何应对伤口带来的微生物挑战知之甚少。同样,人们对臭虫免疫系统如何应对人类病原体也知之甚少。了解臭虫的免疫系统可以让人们深入了解臭虫为什么似乎不会传播疾病,以及在什么情况下臭虫可以传播疾病,同时还能促进涉及微生物的生物控制工作。为了研究臭虫对免疫挑战的转录组反应,我们让雌性臭虫接受了三种细菌挑战。1.)荧光假单胞菌,一种已知对臭虫有害的昆虫病原体;2.包柔氏菌(Borrelia duttoni),这是一种由人类病媒传播的病原体,可引起复发性热。我们以配对方式比较了受感染臭虫与未感染的匹配对照组的转录组,重点研究了与免疫相关的基因。我们发现,许多已知的抗微生物效应基因在对荧光团菌和创伤性授精相关细菌做出反应时上调,但有趣的是,在对巴氏杜氏菌做出反应时却没有上调。在不同实验之间共享的差异表达基因中,我们发现荧光团菌处理与创伤性人工授精细菌处理之间、荧光团菌处理与巴氏杜氏菌处理之间有明显的重叠,但创伤性人工授精细菌处理与巴氏杜氏菌处理之间没有重叠。此外,我们还发现臭虫的脯氨霉素抗菌肽基因发生了特定世系的基因复制。最后,我们发现了以前被忽视的候选基因,包括一个过氧化物酶样基因、许多推测的角质层相关基因、一个长酶样基因和一个粘蛋白样基因,这些基因可用于今后对臭虫免疫功能的研究。通过采用全面的转录组学方法,我们的研究为了解臭虫如何应对各种免疫挑战迈出了重要一步。
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Under the radar: Transcriptomic responses of bed bugs to an entomopathogen, environmental bacteria, and a human pathogen

Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are widely distributed, obligately blood-feeding insects, but they have never been linked to pathogen transmission in humans. Most other hematophagous insects that frequently bite humans transmit pathogens, and it is unclear why bed bugs do not. One hypothesis is that bed bugs have evolved a highly robust immune system because their mating system, traumatic insemination, exposes females to consistent wounding and bacterial infections. Although this has been proposed, very little is known about the bed bug immune system and how bed bugs respond to microbial challenges introduced by wounding. Similarly, there is little known about how the bed bug immune system responds to human pathogens. Understanding the bed bug immune system could give insight to why bed bugs appear not to transmit disease and under what circumstances they could, while also facilitating biological control efforts involving microbes. To investigate the transcriptomic response of bed bugs to immune challenges, we exposed female bed bugs to three bacterial challenges. 1.) Pseudomonas fluorescens, an entomopathogen known to have harmful effects to bed bugs, 2.) bacteria cultured from a bed bug enclosure (99.9 % Bacillus spp.), likely encountered during traumatic insemination, and 3.) Borrelia duttoni, a human vector-borne pathogen that causes relapsing fever. We compared the transcriptomes of infected bed bugs with uninfected matched controls in a pairwise fashion, focusing on immune-related genes. We found many known antimicrobial effector genes upregulated in response to P. fluorescens and traumatic insemination-associated bacteria, but interestingly, not in response to B. duttoni. In the differentially expressed genes that were shared between experiments, we found significant overlap in the P. fluorescens treatment and the traumatic insemination bacteria treatment, and between the P. fluorescens and B. duttoni treatments, but not between the traumatic insemination bacteria treatment and the B. duttoni treatment. Finally, we identify previously overlooked candidates for future studies of immune function in bed bugs, including a peroxidase-like gene, many putative cuticle-associated genes, a laccase-like gene, and a mucin-like gene. By taking a comprehensive transcriptomic approach, our study is an important step in understanding how bed bugs respond to diverse immune challenges.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
5.90%
发文量
94
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Invertebrate Pathology presents original research articles and notes on the induction and pathogenesis of diseases of invertebrates, including the suppression of diseases in beneficial species, and the use of diseases in controlling undesirable species. In addition, the journal publishes the results of physiological, morphological, genetic, immunological and ecological studies as related to the etiologic agents of diseases of invertebrates. The Journal of Invertebrate Pathology is the adopted journal of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology, and is available to SIP members at a special reduced price.
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