通过对伊拉克北部和西部泥盆纪-早石炭世奥拉地层的古生物学有机岩石学调查,了解其烃源岩的沉积环境和热成熟度

IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of African Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105400
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究分别以伊拉克极北部奥拉地层类型剖面和伊拉克西部阿卡斯-3 井的地表和地下样本为基础,对该岩石单元的古生物学特征、有机质特征和碳氢化合物生成潜力进行了研究。地表剖面的古生物成分主要是深色、大部分被氧化、凝胶化的板状无定形有机质(AOM),此外还有一些圆形孢子和结构化的植化体。相比之下,Akkas-3 号井的研究样本中则以古绿藻为主,包括 Ambitisporites avitus、Aneurospora spp.、Vallatisporites verrucosus、Achinosporites spp.、Verrucosisporites nitidus 和藻类 Botryococcus。根据颗粒有机物的地层变化,统计聚类分析确定了表层剖面的三种古乐彩网类型。这些类型从代表近端亚缺氧-缺氧陆架环境的高无定形有机质(AOM)、中等植蚀作用和低古生物丰度,到代表远端亚缺氧-缺氧或远端缺氧-缺氧陆架环境的中等至良好 AOM 和低至中等古生物丰度不等。露头剖面的有机岩石学研究还显示了强烈的氧化作用,其中以颗粒状和凝胶状的分散陆生和无定形有机物质为主,反映了这些成分的陆地来源。在次表层断面,所研究的有机物具有陆地和较少海洋或湖泊混合来源的特征,其中陆地植物孢子(孢粉岩)以及玻璃岩和惰性岩占主导地位,还有一些零星的锂辉石大分子。露头样本和地下样本的热成熟度不同,可能是由于露头样本的构造埋藏较高,是伊拉克北部推覆带的一部分。然而,北部露头类型地段积累了较高丰度的 AOM(易生油的第二类角质)。这可能意味着奥拉地层在阿卡斯油田以北具有更高的碳氢化合物生产潜力。
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Depositional environments and thermal maturity of the hydrocarbon source rocks in the Devonian–Early carboniferous Ora Formation from palynological organic petrographic investigations in northern and western Iraq

The study investigates the palynofacies, organic matter character, and hydrocarbon generation potential of this rock unit, based on surface and subsurface samples from the Ora Formation type-section in extreme northern Iraq and the Akkas-3 well in western Iraq, respectively. Dark, mostly oxidized, gelified platy amorphous organic matter (AOM) dominates the palynological components in the surface section, in addition to a few rounded spores and structured phytoclasts. In contrast, palynomorphs, including Ambitisporites avitus, Aneurospora spp., Vallatisporites verrucosus, Acinosporites spp., Verrucosisporites nitidus and the algae Botryococcus, are predominant in studied samples from the Akkas-3 well. Statistical cluster analysis identified three palynofacies types in the surface section based on stratigraphic variations in the particulate organic matter. These vary from high amorphous organic matter (AOM), moderate phytoclast, and low palynomorph abundances that represent proximal suboxic–anoxic shelfal environments to moderate to good AOM and low to moderate palynomorph abundances that represent distal suboxic–anoxic or distal dysoxic–anoxic shelfal environments. The organic petrographic study of the outcrop section also revealed the strong effect of oxidation, where dispersed terrigenous and amorphous organic materials in the form of granular and gelified forms dominate and reflect a terrestrial origin of these components. In the subsurface section, a mixed terrestrial and less marine or lacustrine origin characterized the studied organic matter, where land plant spores (sporinite), in addition to vitrinite and inertinite, are dominant with a few scattered liptinite macerals. The difference in thermal maturity between the outcrop and subsurface samples is likely due to the higher tectonic burial of the outcrop samples that form part of the Northern Thrust Zone of Iraq. Nevertheless, higher abundances of AOM (oil-prone kerogen type II) accumulated in the northern outcrop type section. This might imply that the Ora Formation has a higher potential for hydrocarbon production north of the Akkas field.

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来源期刊
Journal of African Earth Sciences
Journal of African Earth Sciences 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
4.30%
发文量
240
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of African Earth Sciences sees itself as the prime geological journal for all aspects of the Earth Sciences about the African plate. Papers dealing with peripheral areas are welcome if they demonstrate a tight link with Africa. The Journal publishes high quality, peer-reviewed scientific papers. It is devoted primarily to research papers but short communications relating to new developments of broad interest, reviews and book reviews will also be considered. Papers must have international appeal and should present work of more regional than local significance and dealing with well identified and justified scientific questions. Specialised technical papers, analytical or exploration reports must be avoided. Papers on applied geology should preferably be linked to such core disciplines and must be addressed to a more general geoscientific audience.
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