{"title":"从构造、火山和水文过程看东非大裂谷中段的活动变形:卫星大地测量观测","authors":"Kyle Dennis Murray , Cynthia J. Ebinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105390","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone that hosts a diverse range of processes that result in recent and ongoing crustal deformation. To analyze these processes, we used Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to complement the sparse GNSS velocity field with high resolution measurements of line-of-sight (LOS) deformation between 2015 and 2022. A broad survey approach was employed to detect new signals within the central section of the EARS, and to establish a baseline for future studies focused on tectonic, volcanic, and/or hydrologic deformation and change spanning geodetic time scales. With this regional approach, we were able to resolve signals varying over time-spans of a few weeks to several years that have magnitudes greater than ∼1 cm/yr. Our resulting deformation field shows a diverse range of signals related to the processes listed above as well as other unknown sources. This includes up to 8.5 cm/yr of groundwater-related subsidence in Nairobi, up to 70 cm of LOS displacement during the eruption of Nyiragongo in 2021, and steady uplift in the Manyara basin with a rate of 2.8 cm/yr. We update previously published InSAR measurements of Mount Suswa volcano, and the geothermal fields in Olkaria. We also show LOS change ranging between 2 and 5 mm/yr over a distances of approximately 200 km spanning the Kenya Rift with the greatest differential rates occurring south of Lake Turkana. More generally, our results highlight the ambiguity of relying solely on the sparse network of GNSS for studies such as those characterizing tectonic motion and rift opening. Such studies are likely missing many important signals and/or includes sites that are contaminated with signals unrelated to the target process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 105390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Active deformation in the central section of the East African Rift from tectonic, volcanic, and hydrologic processes: Observations from satellite geodesy\",\"authors\":\"Kyle Dennis Murray , Cynthia J. Ebinger\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105390\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone that hosts a diverse range of processes that result in recent and ongoing crustal deformation. To analyze these processes, we used Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to complement the sparse GNSS velocity field with high resolution measurements of line-of-sight (LOS) deformation between 2015 and 2022. A broad survey approach was employed to detect new signals within the central section of the EARS, and to establish a baseline for future studies focused on tectonic, volcanic, and/or hydrologic deformation and change spanning geodetic time scales. With this regional approach, we were able to resolve signals varying over time-spans of a few weeks to several years that have magnitudes greater than ∼1 cm/yr. Our resulting deformation field shows a diverse range of signals related to the processes listed above as well as other unknown sources. This includes up to 8.5 cm/yr of groundwater-related subsidence in Nairobi, up to 70 cm of LOS displacement during the eruption of Nyiragongo in 2021, and steady uplift in the Manyara basin with a rate of 2.8 cm/yr. We update previously published InSAR measurements of Mount Suswa volcano, and the geothermal fields in Olkaria. We also show LOS change ranging between 2 and 5 mm/yr over a distances of approximately 200 km spanning the Kenya Rift with the greatest differential rates occurring south of Lake Turkana. More generally, our results highlight the ambiguity of relying solely on the sparse network of GNSS for studies such as those characterizing tectonic motion and rift opening. Such studies are likely missing many important signals and/or includes sites that are contaminated with signals unrelated to the target process.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14874,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of African Earth Sciences\",\"volume\":\"219 \",\"pages\":\"Article 105390\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of African Earth Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464343X24002231\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464343X24002231","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Active deformation in the central section of the East African Rift from tectonic, volcanic, and hydrologic processes: Observations from satellite geodesy
The East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone that hosts a diverse range of processes that result in recent and ongoing crustal deformation. To analyze these processes, we used Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to complement the sparse GNSS velocity field with high resolution measurements of line-of-sight (LOS) deformation between 2015 and 2022. A broad survey approach was employed to detect new signals within the central section of the EARS, and to establish a baseline for future studies focused on tectonic, volcanic, and/or hydrologic deformation and change spanning geodetic time scales. With this regional approach, we were able to resolve signals varying over time-spans of a few weeks to several years that have magnitudes greater than ∼1 cm/yr. Our resulting deformation field shows a diverse range of signals related to the processes listed above as well as other unknown sources. This includes up to 8.5 cm/yr of groundwater-related subsidence in Nairobi, up to 70 cm of LOS displacement during the eruption of Nyiragongo in 2021, and steady uplift in the Manyara basin with a rate of 2.8 cm/yr. We update previously published InSAR measurements of Mount Suswa volcano, and the geothermal fields in Olkaria. We also show LOS change ranging between 2 and 5 mm/yr over a distances of approximately 200 km spanning the Kenya Rift with the greatest differential rates occurring south of Lake Turkana. More generally, our results highlight the ambiguity of relying solely on the sparse network of GNSS for studies such as those characterizing tectonic motion and rift opening. Such studies are likely missing many important signals and/or includes sites that are contaminated with signals unrelated to the target process.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of African Earth Sciences sees itself as the prime geological journal for all aspects of the Earth Sciences about the African plate. Papers dealing with peripheral areas are welcome if they demonstrate a tight link with Africa.
The Journal publishes high quality, peer-reviewed scientific papers. It is devoted primarily to research papers but short communications relating to new developments of broad interest, reviews and book reviews will also be considered. Papers must have international appeal and should present work of more regional than local significance and dealing with well identified and justified scientific questions. Specialised technical papers, analytical or exploration reports must be avoided. Papers on applied geology should preferably be linked to such core disciplines and must be addressed to a more general geoscientific audience.