Technological and policy directions for scaling-up blue hydrogen in India

The Government of India has indicated that hydrogen as an energy carrier will be a key part of its decarbonization solutions. Greater policy focus has been noticed on green hydrogen produced from electrolysis using renewable-powered electricity. That said, some other missions, such as the National Coal Gasification Mission, could directly tie into blue hydrogen production (from fossil fuels with CO₂ storage). In this paper, we suggest two major policy initiatives for effective deployment of blue hydrogen. These include a comprehensive measurement programme for fugitive emissions and a level-playing field to ensure parity among sources. Moreover, we also provide insights as to why coalbed methane and underground coal gasification could provide somewhat overlooked feedstock of blue hydrogen. In doing so, the paper outlines the current state-of-the-art on blue hydrogen production in India, and recommendations for its scale-up.