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Green certificates for optimizing low-carbon hydrogen supply chain 优化低碳氢供应链的绿色证书
IF 5.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100164
Darya Maksakova, Sergei Popov
One of the primary challenges to the advancement of hydrogen technologies is their high costs. The study explores the potential of implementing green certificates for hydrogen, drawing parallels with the use of green certificates for electricity. The paper proposes a novel modeling tool to quantify the effect of trade in green certificates for hydrogen on trade flows and supply costs. The model is based on linear programming and covers both physical hydrogen trade and trade in green certificates for hydrogen simultaneously. An illustrative example is used to demonstrate the applicability of the model. The main conclusion is that the existence of a green certificate market could substantially reduce costs within a hydrogen supply system by reshaping transportation routes, all while maintaining the same level of low-carbon hydrogen production. This cost reduction effect raises hydrogen competitiveness and stimulates its production in remote areas.
氢能技术发展面临的主要挑战之一是成本高昂。本研究探讨了实施氢气绿色证书的潜力,并将其与电力绿色证书的使用相提并论。本文提出了一种新颖的建模工具,用于量化氢气绿色证书贸易对贸易流和供应成本的影响。该模型基于线性规划,同时涵盖氢气实物贸易和氢气绿色证书贸易。通过一个示例来证明该模型的适用性。主要结论是,绿色证书市场的存在可以通过重塑运输路线大幅降低氢气供应系统的成本,同时保持相同的低碳氢气生产水平。这种降低成本的效果提高了氢气的竞争力,刺激了偏远地区的氢气生产。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptions of decarbonisation challenges for the process industry in Sweden and Norway 瑞典和挪威加工工业对去碳化挑战的看法
IF 5.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100167
Markus Steen , Johnn Andersson , Hans Hellsmark , Teis Hansen , Jens Hanson , Elizaveta Johansson
The energy-intensive process industries (EPIs) account for a high share of global carbon emissions but have so far been slow to decarbonise. One of the reasons for the slow pace is that central problems and solutions are contested among stakeholders. To develop effective and inclusive transition policy, a better understanding of different perspectives on decarbonisation challenges is needed. In this paper, we use Q methodology to address this gap with an analysis of EPI decarbonisation in Sweden and Norway. The research draws on 50 interviews where different types of stakeholders sorted and reflected upon statements that describe potential decarbonisation challenges. Through factor analysis, we identify four salient narratives in each country, which emphasise different problems and trade-offs. However, we also find similarities across the narratives, both within and across countries. A key challenge that is emphasized in both countries is to ensure a sufficient supply of electricity at competitive prices. Ultimately, we demonstrate how these findings are important for providing policy recommendations.
能源密集型加工工业(EPIs)在全球碳排放中占有很高的比例,但迄今为止,其去碳化的步伐却十分缓慢。进展缓慢的原因之一是利益相关者对核心问题和解决方案存在争议。为了制定有效、包容的过渡政策,需要更好地理解有关去碳化挑战的不同观点。在本文中,我们使用 Q 方法对瑞典和挪威的 EPI 去碳化进行分析,以弥补这一不足。研究借鉴了 50 次访谈,不同类型的利益相关者对描述潜在去碳化挑战的陈述进行了分类和反思。通过因素分析,我们确定了每个国家的四种突出叙述,它们强调了不同的问题和权衡。不过,我们也发现各国内部和各国之间的叙述有相似之处。两国都强调的一个关键挑战是确保以具有竞争力的价格提供充足的电力供应。最后,我们将展示这些发现对于提供政策建议的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Cobalt-based molecular electrocatalyst-mediated green hydrogen generation: A potential pathway for decarbonising steel industry 钴基分子电催化剂介导的绿色制氢:钢铁工业脱碳的潜在途径
IF 5.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100168
Santanu Ghorai , Suhana Karim , Sukanta Saha , Arnab Dutta
Amid the climate change crisis, researchers are investigating the transformative potential of green hydrogen produced by renewable energy electrolysis to decarbonize the steel sector, a significant contributor to global carbon emissions. It aims to lower the carbon footprint of the steel industry by showcasing green hydrogen's potential as a cleaner substitute for traditional fossil fuels in the production process. Despite its potential, issues such as high costs, restricted availability, and infrastructural alterations must be addressed. Cobalt-based synthetic catalysts, especially cobaloximes, are being considered as a key electrocatalytic component for hydrogen production via water-splitting. Cobaloximes, noted for their efficiency and stability in catalysing hydrogen evolution, have made considerable advances in the field of molecular catalysis. Recently, advanced immobilisation procedures have appreciably enhanced their overall catalytic output and application. This article discusses several electrolyser technologies, such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline electrolysis, highlighting the benefits of multi-stacked electrolyser systems for boosting hydrogen generation efficiency. These encouraging results are vital for unravelling a durable catalytic material that can be scaled up without much financial stringency. In light of the global climate pledges, the document concludes that green hydrogen might provide 24 % of the world's energy needs by 2050, resulting in a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions.
在气候变化危机中,研究人员正在研究通过可再生能源电解产生的绿色氢气的变革潜力,以实现钢铁行业的去碳化,钢铁行业是全球碳排放的重要贡献者。该项目旨在通过展示绿色氢在生产过程中作为传统化石燃料的清洁替代品的潜力,降低钢铁行业的碳足迹。尽管氢具有潜力,但必须解决成本高、供应受限和基础设施改造等问题。钴基合成催化剂,尤其是钴氧肟,正被视为通过分水制氢的关键电催化元件。钴氧肟在催化氢气进化方面具有高效性和稳定性,在分子催化领域取得了长足的进步。最近,先进的固定化程序显著提高了它们的整体催化产出和应用。本文讨论了几种电解槽技术,如质子交换膜(PEM)和碱性电解,强调了多层电解槽系统在提高制氢效率方面的优势。这些令人鼓舞的成果对于开发出一种耐用的催化材料至关重要,这种催化材料可以在没有太多资金压力的情况下扩大规模。根据全球气候承诺,该文件得出结论,到 2050 年,绿色氢气可满足全球 24% 的能源需求,从而大幅减少二氧化碳排放量。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing equitable value chains for the global hydrogen economy 推进全球氢经济的公平价值链
IF 5.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100166
Kathleen M. Kennedy , Maria A. Borrero , Morgan R. Edwards , Patrick O'Rourke , Nathan E. Hultman , Kavita Surana
Hydrogen is a rapidly growing focus for countries seeking to develop green industries, but there are many questions about how the nascent global hydrogen economy will develop, and what this implies for equitable sharing of benefits and burdens between nations. In this perspective we summarize emerging trends in national hydrogen strategies and develop recommendations for researchers and policymakers to center equity in hydrogen development. This will require integrating innovation and development perspectives on international technology transfer, developing more detailed representation of hydrogen trade in systems models, building equity considerations into national and international planning processes, and establishing robust technology transfer efforts. Policymakers will also need to grapple with the difficulties of verifying life cycle emissions of hydrogen if hydrogen trade emerges as a significant trend, potentially requiring new methods of emissions accounting and trade reforms that prioritize international equity.
对于寻求发展绿色产业的国家来说,氢能是一个迅速增长的焦点,但对于新生的全球氢能经济将如何发展,以及这对国家间公平分享利益和分担负担意味着什么,还存在许多问题。在本视角中,我们总结了国家氢能战略的新趋势,并为研究人员和政策制定者提出了以氢能发展的公平性为中心的建议。这将需要整合国际技术转让的创新和发展观点,在系统模型中更详细地反映氢贸易,将公平因素纳入国家和国际规划过程,并建立强有力的技术转让工作。如果氢贸易成为一种重要趋势,政策制定者还需要解决氢的生命周期排放核查困难的问题,这可能需要新的排放核算方法和优先考虑国际公平的贸易改革。
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引用次数: 0
Health and air pollutant emission impacts of net zero CO2 by 2050 scenarios from the energy modeling forum 37 study 能源建模论坛 37 研究提出的 2050 年二氧化碳净零排放方案对健康和空气污染物排放的影响
IF 5.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100165
Daniel H. Loughlin , Alexander R. Barron , Charavee Basnet Chettri , Abigail O'Meara , Luis Sarmiento , Danni Dong , David L. McCollum , Sharon Showalter , Robert H. Beach , John Bistline , G. Joyce Kim , Christopher G. Nolte , Johannes Emmerling , P. Ozge Kaplan
Carbon dioxide and non-greenhouse gas air pollutants are emitted from many of the same sources. Decarbonization actions thus typically yield air pollutant emission reductions, resulting in significant air quality benefits. Although several studies have highlighted this connection, including in the context of net zero carbon emission targets, substantial uncertainty remains regarding how alternative technological pathways to this goal will affect the spatial distribution and magnitude of air pollutants. Comprehensive multi-model and multi-scenario analyzes are needed to explore the relative impacts of alternative pathways. Our study begins to address this gap by leveraging the results from the recent Energy Modeling Forum 37 inter-model comparison exercise on U.S. decarbonization pathways. Comparing the results of the six teams who submitted air pollutant emissions suggests that strategies that target net zero U.S. carbon emissions would yield significant reductions in many air pollutants, and that this finding is generally robust across pathways. However, some energy sources, such as biomass and fossil fuels with carbon capture, will emit air pollutants and can potentially influence the magnitude, spatial distribution, and even sign of localized air pollutant emission changes. In the second part of this analysis, a simplified air quality and health impacts screening model is used to evaluate the air quality impacts in 2035 of sectoral emission changes from the three models that provided sectoral detail. Relative to a reference scenario, a net zero pathway is estimated to reduce fine particulate matter concentrations across the contiguous U.S., with health benefits from reduced mortality ranging from $65 billion to $250 billion in 2035 alone (2023$s). These benefits would be expected to grow over time as the net zero trajectory becomes more stringent. Both the magnitude of potential benefits and the substantial variation of the projections across models underscore the need for an EMF-like inter-model comparison exercise focused on air quality.
二氧化碳和非温室气体空气污染物的排放源很多是相同的。因此,去碳化行动通常会减少空气污染物的排放,从而带来显著的空气质量效益。尽管多项研究强调了这种联系,包括在净零碳排放目标的背景下,但实现这一目标的替代技术途径将如何影响空气污染物的空间分布和规模,仍然存在很大的不确定性。需要进行全面的多模型和多情景分析,以探索替代途径的相对影响。我们的研究利用最近能源建模论坛 37 就美国去碳化路径进行的模型间比较活动的结果,开始填补这一空白。对提交了空气污染物排放的六个团队的结果进行比较后发现,以美国碳净零排放为目标的战略将显著减少许多空气污染物排放,而且这一结果在不同路径中总体上是稳健的。然而,一些能源,如生物质能和碳捕集化石燃料,会排放空气污染物,并有可能影响局部空气污染物排放变化的幅度、空间分布甚至迹象。在本分析的第二部分,使用了一个简化的空气质量和健康影响筛选模型来评估 2035 年部门排放变化对空气质量的影响,该影响来自三个提供了部门细节的模型。与参考情景相比,估计净零路径可降低美国毗连地区的细颗粒物浓度,仅在 2035 年(2023 年),死亡率降低带来的健康效益就在 650 亿美元到 2500 亿美元之间。随着净零排放轨迹变得更加严格,预计这些效益将随时间推移而增长。潜在效益的规模和不同模型之间预测的巨大差异都突出表明,有必要开展类似于 EMF 的、以空气质量为重点的模型间比较活动。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing green hydrogen and green ammonia as energy carriers in utility-scale transport and subsurface storage 比较绿色氢气和绿色氨气作为能源载体在公用事业规模运输和地下储存中的应用
IF 5.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100163
Anne H. Menefee , Brandon A. Schwartz
Many of the challenges associated with utility-scale hydrogen transport and storage relate to its low density, high diffusivity, and the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, motivating consideration to integrating ammonia as an energy carrier. Compared to hydrogen, ammonia is more compatible with pipeline materials and delivers energy at higher density. Ammonia is also a mature industry with a greater extent of established pipeline networks and regulations that may accelerate hydrogen transitions and penetration in energy grids. However, converting hydrogen produced by renewable-driven electrolysis into ammonia (and back to hydrogen, depending on end use) complicates logistics, and associated energy and resource demands may offset the green hydrogen's carbon neutrality. This work outlines core considerations for the use of hydrogen vs. ammonia during transport and storage operations, with an emphasis on green hydrogen or green ammonia pathways coupled to pipeline transport and underground storage. We compare tradeoffs in pipeline infrastructure and operations; subsurface storage options; and project economics. We also evaluate round-trip efficiencies (RTE) for both pathways, which indicate that hydrogen is more attractive from an energy efficiency perspective for hydrogen end-use applications due to the efficiency penalties of initial ammonia synthesis and subsequent cracking, but RTE's for ammonia transport and storage are comparable to hydrogen for direct use or ammonia-to-power systems. The tradeoffs presented in this work would need to be considered on a case-by-case basis, but indicate that selective use of ammonia as an energy-dense hydrogen carrier could support decarbonization goals in industry and hydrogen economies.
公用事业规模的氢气运输和储存所面临的许多挑战与氢气的低密度、高扩散性和氢脆风险有关,这促使人们考虑将氨作为一种能源载体。与氢气相比,氨气与管道材料的兼容性更强,可提供更高密度的能量。氨也是一个成熟的行业,拥有更广泛的成熟管道网络和法规,可以加速氢在能源网中的过渡和渗透。然而,将可再生电解产生的氢转化为氨(根据最终用途再转化为氢)会使物流变得复杂,而且相关的能源和资源需求可能会抵消绿色氢气的碳中性。这项工作概述了在运输和储存过程中使用氢气与氨气的核心考虑因素,重点是与管道运输和地下储存相结合的绿色氢气或绿色氨气途径。我们比较了管道基础设施和运营、地下储存选项以及项目经济性方面的权衡。我们还对两种途径的往返效率(RTE)进行了评估,结果表明,由于初始氨合成和后续裂解的效率损失,从能源效率的角度来看,氢气对氢气终端应用更具吸引力,但氨气运输和储存的往返效率与直接使用氢气或氨气发电系统相当。这项工作中提出的权衡问题需要根据具体情况进行考虑,但表明有选择地使用氨作为高能量氢载体可支持工业和氢经济的脱碳目标。
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引用次数: 0
Global trade of green iron as a game changer for a near-zero global steel industry? - A scenario-based assessment of regionalized impacts 全球生铁贸易能否改变全球钢铁业接近零增长的局面?- 基于情景的区域化影响评估
IF 5.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100161
Süheyb Bilici , Georg Holtz , Alexander Jülich , Robin König , Zhenxi Li , Hilton Trollip , Bryce Mc Call , Annika Tönjes , Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan , Ole Zelt , Stefan Lechtenböhmer , Stefan Kronshage , Andreas Meurer
The currently most promising approach for reducing CO2 emissions of the global steel production is reducing iron ore in shaft furnaces with (green) hydrogen instead of blast furnaces. Unlike to the liquid iron produced in blast furnaces, the direct reduced iron produced in this route (green iron) exists in a solid state and can be transported at reasonable costs over long distances. This allows for spatial decoupling of the iron reduction step from the steelmaking step and may lead to global trade in green iron as a new intermediate product in the steelmaking value chain. This article assesses the potential impact of a global green iron trade in terms of shifting energy demand between regions and in terms of cost savings by comparing three scenarios for a global near-zero GHG steel industry: The Domestic scenario, assuming strict regional co-location of green iron and steel production; The Max Trade scenario, assuming early emergence of a global green iron market and the Intermediate Trade scenario, assuming late emergence of a global green iron market. In the trade scenarios, 12-21% of global crude steel is produced from traded green iron in 2050. 15-26 Mt/a of hydrogen consumption is relocated to global “sweet spots”, resulting in cost savings of 2.2-3.9% of the global annual steel production costs, which can provide important support for the development of net zero steel production. Enablers and barriers for global green iron trade are discussed.
目前,全球钢铁生产中最有希望减少二氧化碳排放的方法是在竖炉中用(绿色)氢气代替高炉还原铁矿石。与高炉生产的液态铁不同,这种方法生产的直接还原铁(绿铁)呈固态,可以合理的成本进行远距离运输。这使得还原铁生产步骤与炼钢步骤在空间上脱钩,并可能导致生铁作为炼钢价值链中新的中间产品进行全球贸易。本文通过比较全球近零温室气体钢铁工业的三种情景,评估了全球绿铁贸易在地区间能源需求转移和成本节约方面的潜在影响:国内情景,假定绿铁和钢铁生产严格实行区域同地生产;最大贸易情景,假定全球绿铁市场较早出现;中间贸易情景,假定全球绿铁市场较晚出现。在贸易情景下,2050 年全球粗钢中有 12%-21% 是由贸易绿铁生产的。1,500 万-2,600 万吨/年的氢气消耗被转移到全球 "甜蜜点",从而节省了全球钢铁年生产成本的 2.2%-3.9%,为发展净零钢铁生产提供了重要支持。讨论了全球绿色钢铁贸易的促进因素和障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic approach to accelerating regional bioenergy development: Bioelectricity for emission reduction and sustainability 加快地区生物能源发展的战略方法:生物电力促进减排和可持续性
IF 5.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100162
Arvind Singh Bisht
The western Himalayas hold significant potential for generating bioelectricity from dry pine needle biomass. This approach provides multiple benefits, including forest fire prevention, electricity generation, and emission reduction. However, despite these advantages, the growth of this sector has fallen short of expectations. The projected electricity generation potential from pine needle biomass in this region could lead to a significant annual emission reduction of 1.7 MtCO2e through forest fire prevention and an additional 0.49 MtCO2e by displacing carbon-intensive grid electricity. Regional bioenergy development plays a crucial role in the global energy transition and aligns with SDG 13, "Climate Action," and SDG 7, "Affordable and Clean Energy." By focusing on bioenergy as a renewable and accessible energy source, local and regional communities can contribute to climate action while simultaneously ensuring affordable and clean energy for their communities. Therefore, this paper employs a hybrid SWOT-AHP analysis as a strategic planning tool to achieve emission reduction targets by stimulating regional bioenergy growth. Twenty-nine SWOT factors were identified under four variables, and then the AHP technique was employed to assign priority weights to both SWOT variables and factors. Combining SWOT with AHP analysis provides quantitatively determined priorities for the factors, enabling their objective comparison. Eventually, this study offers a comprehensive perspective that leads to policy recommendations and serves as a valuable resource for relevant stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers seeking to achieve emission reduction goals through bioelectricity generation.
喜马拉雅山西部蕴藏着利用干松针生物质进行生物发电的巨大潜力。这种方法可带来多重益处,包括预防森林火灾、发电和减排。然而,尽管有这些优势,这一领域的发展却没有达到预期。根据预测,该地区利用松针生物质发电的潜力可通过森林防火每年减少 170 万吨二氧化碳当量的排放量,并通过替代碳密集型电网电力每年减少 49 万吨二氧化碳当量的排放量。区域生物能源开发在全球能源转型中发挥着至关重要的作用,并与可持续发展目标 13 "气候行动 "和可持续发展目标 7 "负担得起的清洁能源 "相一致。通过将生物能源作为一种可再生、可获得的能源,地方和区域社区可以为气候行动做出贡献,同时确保为其社区提供负担得起的清洁能源。因此,本文采用 SWOT-AHP 混合分析法作为战略规划工具,通过刺激地区生物能源增长来实现减排目标。在四个变量下确定了 29 个 SWOT 因素,然后采用 AHP 技术为 SWOT 变量和因素分配优先权重。将 SWOT 分析与 AHP 分析相结合,可定量确定各因素的优先级,从而对其进行客观比较。最终,本研究提供了一个全面的视角,提出了政策建议,为相关利益方、政策制定者和研究人员通过生物发电实现减排目标提供了宝贵的资源。
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引用次数: 0
The role of the pulp and paper industry in achieving net zero U.S. CO2 emissions in 2050 纸浆和造纸业在 2050 年实现美国二氧化碳净零排放中的作用
IF 5.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100160
Molly Charles, Kanishka B. Narayan, Jae Edmonds, Sha Yu
The pulp and paper industry is energy-intensive, making up about 9 % of total United States industrial energy consumption and 2.5 % of U.S. industrial greenhouse gas emissions. The pulp and paper industry is unique among industrial sectors due to its existing reliance on waste biomass to generate energy for mill operations. Pulp and paper mills could theoretically offer opportunities for negative emissions through carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies along with use of biomass. In addition, the paper sector's use of low-temperature industrial heat creates opportunities for CO2 reductions through electrification technologies.
We employ the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) to evaluate decarbonization pathways for the pulp and paper sector in the United States, as well as the sector's role in a net zero scenario and impacts on the energy, land, and water sectors. The version of GCAM used in this study includes detailed representation of major industrial sectors, including the pulp and paper industry. Representation of the linkage between forest products and paper production allow us to account for upstream carbon emissions, sequestration, and land-use impacts.
Preliminary results under a pathway to net zero U.S. CO2 emissions in 2050 show that the pulp and paper industry can reach net zero CO2 emissions before 2050, earlier than the overall energy system, and contribute negative emissions thereafter. Use of fossil fuels is significantly reduced by 2050, shifting to increased electricity use in process heat generation. Consumption of biomass energy in process heat also increases compared to the reference scenario. Though paper production decreases in the policy scenario in response to higher prices of wood products, a high carbon price can incentivize increased use of biomass with CCS and thus paper production. Negative emissions opportunities in the paper industry have impacts on the land sector. Increasing use of biomass accelerates the shift from unmanaged to managed forests, with associated tradeoffs between technological carbon sequestration and natural ecosystem services.
纸浆和造纸工业是能源密集型产业,约占美国工业能源消耗总量的 9%,占美国工业温室气体排放量的 2.5%。纸浆和造纸业在工业部门中是独一无二的,因为它目前依赖废弃生物质为工厂运营提供能源。理论上,纸浆和造纸厂可以通过碳捕集与封存 (CCS) 技术以及生物质的使用来实现负排放。我们采用全球变化分析模型(GCAM)来评估美国纸浆和造纸行业的脱碳途径,以及该行业在净零情景中的作用和对能源、土地和水行业的影响。本研究使用的 GCAM 版本包括主要工业部门的详细表述,其中包括纸浆和造纸行业。在 2050 年美国二氧化碳净零排放路径下的初步结果显示,纸浆和造纸业可在 2050 年前实现二氧化碳净零排放,早于整个能源系统,并在此后实现负排放。到 2050 年,化石燃料的使用量将大幅减少,转而在制热过程中增加电力的使用。与参考情景相比,生物质能源在工艺加热中的消耗也有所增加。虽然在政策情景下,纸张产量会因木制品价格上涨而减少,但高碳价格可激励更多使用带二氧化碳捕获与储存系统的生物质能,从而提高纸张产量。造纸业的负排放机会会对土地部门产生影响。增加生物质的使用会加速森林从无人管理到有人管理的转变,从而在技术碳固存和自然生态系统服务之间进行权衡。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring attitudes and behavioral patterns in residential energy consumption: Data-driven by a machine learning approach 探索住宅能源消耗的态度和行为模式:机器学习方法的数据驱动
IF 5.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100158
Bahereh Vojdani Fakhr , Mansour Yeganeh , Julien Walzberg , Ahad Rezayan ghayehbashi

The present study focuses on two main objectives: firstly, to clarify the mechanisms by which attitudes impact behavioral changes related to household energy consumption, and secondly, to offer valuable insights to enhance the understanding of residential energy usage through a novel technique called Support Vector Regression (SVR). This method employs several feature space transformations to convert nNar relationships into linear ones. The results highlight the crucial role of psychological factors in determining energy consumption behaviors, demonstrating that cognitive factors significantly influence attitudes and behavioral patterns. The findings show that psychological variables have a major role in determining how people consume energy, with cognitive variables having a particularly large impact on attitudes and behavior patterns. Our findings demonstrate the superior performance of Support Vector Regression (SVR) with radial basis function kernels over traditional predictive models, with a prediction accuracy of 93.7 % for changes in behavior patterns (CHP) and 94.4 % for changes in attitudes (CHA). These results highlight the value of applying cutting-edge machine-learning approaches to create precise models for comprehending and directing energy-saving actions. The policy implications suggest that reducing cognitive barriers can significantly encourage energy-saving behaviors and contribute to a comprehensive approach for energy-efficiency initiatives

本研究主要有两个目标:第一,阐明态度对家庭能源消耗相关行为变化的影响机制;第二,通过一种名为支持向量回归(SVR)的新技术,为加深对住宅能源使用情况的了解提供有价值的见解。这种方法采用了几种特征空间转换,将 nNar 关系转换为线性关系。研究结果突出了心理因素在决定能源消耗行为中的关键作用,表明认知因素对态度和行为模式有显著影响。研究结果表明,心理变量在决定人们如何消费能源方面起着重要作用,其中认知变量对态度和行为模式的影响尤其大。我们的研究结果表明,与传统预测模型相比,带有径向基函数核的支持向量回归(SVR)具有更优越的性能,对行为模式变化(CHP)的预测准确率为 93.7%,对态度变化(CHA)的预测准确率为 94.4%。这些结果凸显了应用尖端机器学习方法创建精确模型以理解和指导节能行动的价值。其政策含义表明,减少认知障碍可以极大地鼓励节能行为,并有助于采取全面的节能措施。
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Energy and climate change
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