Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100238
Nhat Duy Lai, Nguyen Chi Duc
This paper evaluates the economic impacts of carbon taxation on Vietnam’s non-financial sectors by employing the GTAP-E model. To enhance the precision of the simulations, sector-specific capital-energy substitution elasticities are empirically estimated using data from the 2022 Vietnam Enterprise Survey and incorporated into the model. Unlike previous studies that rely on subjective assumptions, this study rigorously calculates the minimum carbon tax levels required to meet Vietnam’s unconditional and conditional Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets by 2030. The simulation results suggest that achieving the unconditional NDC target would require a carbon tax of approximately USD 10 per ton of CO2, leading to a modest GDP contraction of 0.12%. In contrast, fulfilling the conditional NDC target would necessitate a higher carbon tax rate of USD 38 per ton of CO2, associated with a GDP decline of 0.81%. Emission-intensive sectors, notably coal mining, cement manufacturing, and metallurgy, are disproportionately affected, whereas clean technology industries demonstrate expansionary responses. In addition, illustrative revenue recycling scenarios indicate that reallocating carbon tax revenues can partly offset welfare losses and slightly cushion GDP impacts. Taken together, these findings emphasize the critical importance of a phased carbon tax implementation strategy, complemented by targeted support measures for vulnerable sectors, to balance emission reduction objectives with sustainable economic growth.
{"title":"The impact of carbon taxation on non-financial sectors in Vietnam","authors":"Nhat Duy Lai, Nguyen Chi Duc","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the economic impacts of carbon taxation on Vietnam’s non-financial sectors by employing the GTAP-E model. To enhance the precision of the simulations, sector-specific capital-energy substitution elasticities are empirically estimated using data from the 2022 Vietnam Enterprise Survey and incorporated into the model. Unlike previous studies that rely on subjective assumptions, this study rigorously calculates the minimum carbon tax levels required to meet Vietnam’s unconditional and conditional Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets by 2030. The simulation results suggest that achieving the unconditional NDC target would require a carbon tax of approximately USD 10 per ton of CO<sub>2</sub>, leading to a modest GDP contraction of 0.12%. In contrast, fulfilling the conditional NDC target would necessitate a higher carbon tax rate of USD 38 per ton of CO<sub>2</sub>, associated with a GDP decline of 0.81%. Emission-intensive sectors, notably coal mining, cement manufacturing, and metallurgy, are disproportionately affected, whereas clean technology industries demonstrate expansionary responses. In addition, illustrative revenue recycling scenarios indicate that reallocating carbon tax revenues can partly offset welfare losses and slightly cushion GDP impacts. Taken together, these findings emphasize the critical importance of a phased carbon tax implementation strategy, complemented by targeted support measures for vulnerable sectors, to balance emission reduction objectives with sustainable economic growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100237
Mark Roelfsema , Ioannis Dafnomilis , Michel den Elzen , Mathijs Harmsen , Harmen-Sytze de Boer , Jonathan Doelman , Detlef van Vuuren
The announcement of voluntary climate initiatives during recent Conferences of Parties (COPs) underscores the interplay between voluntary initiatives and the outcomes of the Global Stocktake and COP decisions. Harmonising the collective stocktake efforts with initiative goals facilitates developing pathways across specific thematic areas (e.g., sectors, greenhouse gases) towards achieving the Paris Agreement goals. The effectiveness of the initiatives is assessed by calculating their potential impact on greenhouse gas emissions, assuming full implementation by the signatories. Their alignment with the Paris temperature goals is assessed against 2 °C and 1.5 °C pathways. Two scenarios, based on signatory and full global participation, are compared with current policy scenarios and pathways consistent with below 2 °C and 1.5 °C (high overshoot). If country signatories implemented initiative targets domestically, projections for 2030 to 2050 are generally more ambitious than current policies, potentially decreasing global emissions by about 11%. Comparing full global implementation to below 2 °C or 1.5 °C pathways, the results are mixed. By 2030, most initiative goals align with 2 °C, but certain thematic areas are missing. A number of initiatives demonstrate ambition beyond 1.5 °C pathways, questioning their feasibility. Achieving all global initiative targets by 2030 consistent with the below 2 °C and 1.5 °C (high overshoot) pathways requires 5–8% additional reductions. Realising the full potential of these initiatives necessitates increasing ambition for specific goals by 2030, increasing and clarifying long-term ambition, expanding thematic coverage, and requiring concrete climate action plans. Within the UNFCCC, this can be facilitated by making Global Stocktake goals more explicit, based on COP initiatives.
{"title":"Staying on track: a bottom-up Paris-aligned pathway driven by COP initiatives","authors":"Mark Roelfsema , Ioannis Dafnomilis , Michel den Elzen , Mathijs Harmsen , Harmen-Sytze de Boer , Jonathan Doelman , Detlef van Vuuren","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The announcement of voluntary climate initiatives during recent Conferences of Parties (COPs) underscores the interplay between voluntary initiatives and the outcomes of the Global Stocktake and COP decisions. Harmonising the collective stocktake efforts with initiative goals facilitates developing pathways across specific thematic areas (e.g., sectors, greenhouse gases) towards achieving the Paris Agreement goals. The effectiveness of the initiatives is assessed by calculating their potential impact on greenhouse gas emissions, assuming full implementation by the signatories. Their alignment with the Paris temperature goals is assessed against 2 °C and 1.5 °C pathways. Two scenarios, based on signatory and full global participation, are compared with current policy scenarios and pathways consistent with below 2 °C and 1.5 °C (high overshoot). If country signatories implemented initiative targets domestically, projections for 2030 to 2050 are generally more ambitious than current policies, potentially decreasing global emissions by about 11%. Comparing full global implementation to below 2 °C or 1.5 °C pathways, the results are mixed. By 2030, most initiative goals align with 2 °C, but certain thematic areas are missing. A number of initiatives demonstrate ambition beyond 1.5 °C pathways, questioning their feasibility. Achieving all global initiative targets by 2030 consistent with the below 2 °C and 1.5 °C (high overshoot) pathways requires 5–8% additional reductions. Realising the full potential of these initiatives necessitates increasing ambition for specific goals by 2030, increasing and clarifying long-term ambition, expanding thematic coverage, and requiring concrete climate action plans. Within the UNFCCC, this can be facilitated by making Global Stocktake goals more explicit, based on COP initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100236
Alberto Meucci , Guisela Grossmann-Matheson , Chun-Hsu Su , Bryan Hally , Vanessa Hernaman , Daniel A. Machado , Ali Tamizi , Ian R. Young
The Australian offshore wind sector is expanding, yet lacks a comprehensive, high-resolution national assessment of past and projected ocean wind climate. Understanding climate patterns over the next 30–50 years is vital for resource planning, safety, and the resilience of offshore wind infrastructure. This study applies the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric Regional Projections for Australia (BARPA) Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) seven-model ensemble to assess surface wind speed projections and their effect on offshore wind energy production. Across declared offshore wind farm regions, the projected signal of change is small and generally lower than seasonal and inter-annual variability. Areas with slight reductions in wind power density and production also show minor increases in variability, which may reduce turbine efficiency. These changes, however, fall within the uncertainty range of climate model projections, leaving future wind resource trends uncertain. Western Australia is an exception, showing a notable wintertime decrease in wind power density under both low- and high-emission scenarios. Overall, the reliability of wind energy production remains largely unaffected, with only slight reductions in the next 30 to 50 years, ranging from 0.1% to 2.6%, depending on the region.
{"title":"Resilience of offshore wind resources in Australia under climate change using CMIP6 CORDEX projections","authors":"Alberto Meucci , Guisela Grossmann-Matheson , Chun-Hsu Su , Bryan Hally , Vanessa Hernaman , Daniel A. Machado , Ali Tamizi , Ian R. Young","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Australian offshore wind sector is expanding, yet lacks a comprehensive, high-resolution national assessment of past and projected ocean wind climate. Understanding climate patterns over the next 30–50 years is vital for resource planning, safety, and the resilience of offshore wind infrastructure. This study applies the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric Regional Projections for Australia (BARPA) Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) seven-model ensemble to assess surface wind speed projections and their effect on offshore wind energy production. Across declared offshore wind farm regions, the projected signal of change is small and generally lower than seasonal and inter-annual variability. Areas with slight reductions in wind power density and production also show minor increases in variability, which may reduce turbine efficiency. These changes, however, fall within the uncertainty range of climate model projections, leaving future wind resource trends uncertain. Western Australia is an exception, showing a notable wintertime decrease in wind power density under both low- and high-emission scenarios. Overall, the reliability of wind energy production remains largely unaffected, with only slight reductions in the next 30 to 50 years, ranging from 0.1% to 2.6%, depending on the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100235
D Carvalho, L Faria, R Silva, A Rocha
This work assesses changes in the future potential for solar energy production in Portugal according to three CMIP6 climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0. and SSP5-8.5), using a high-resolution (6 km) WRF dynamical downscaling of one CMIP6 global climate model. By the middle of the current century (2046-2065), SSP2-4.5 and SSP3-7.0 project modest solar photovoltaic power output (PVO) increases (∼2-5%) mainly in the northern half of Portugal, while SSP5-8.5 projects a PVO decrease of ∼6-7% in the Atlantic coast and adjacent ocean areas. For the long-term future (2081-2100), both SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 project modest PVO decreases (5-7%) in the Atlantic coast, while SSP3-7.0 does not project significant PVO changes. Seasonal analysis shows a strong increase in the PVO (30-50%) in winter seasons and a PVO reduction in summer periods (10-40%), indicating a strong reduction in the PVO intra-annual variability. This work shows that climate change can significantly impact solar energy production in Portugal, with higher GHG emissions scenarios projecting more negative impacts on solar energy production in Portugal, a concerning finding since higher GHG emissions mean lower ability to reduce GHG emissions through the production of energy from renewable sources.
{"title":"Climate change impacts on photovoltaic solar energy production in Portugal","authors":"D Carvalho, L Faria, R Silva, A Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work assesses changes in the future potential for solar energy production in Portugal according to three CMIP6 climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0. and SSP5-8.5), using a high-resolution (6 km) WRF dynamical downscaling of one CMIP6 global climate model. By the middle of the current century (2046-2065), SSP2-4.5 and SSP3-7.0 project modest solar photovoltaic power output (PVO) increases (∼2-5%) mainly in the northern half of Portugal, while SSP5-8.5 projects a PVO decrease of ∼6-7% in the Atlantic coast and adjacent ocean areas. For the long-term future (2081-2100), both SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 project modest PVO decreases (5-7%) in the Atlantic coast, while SSP3-7.0 does not project significant PVO changes. Seasonal analysis shows a strong increase in the PVO (30-50%) in winter seasons and a PVO reduction in summer periods (10-40%), indicating a strong reduction in the PVO intra-annual variability. This work shows that climate change can significantly impact solar energy production in Portugal, with higher GHG emissions scenarios projecting more negative impacts on solar energy production in Portugal, a concerning finding since higher GHG emissions mean lower ability to reduce GHG emissions through the production of energy from renewable sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100232
Elena Hubner, Peter Dirksmeier
The energy transition in Germany, although supported nationally by widespread recognition of climate change, faces significant local opposition. This gap raises questions about the factors influencing individual attitudes towards renewable energy infrastructures. Drawing on the literature about the acceptance of renewable energy, we examine the impact of attitudes towards climate policy, populism and place attachment on the acceptance of renewable energy infrastructure. Additionally, we examine differences in acceptance between East and West Germany. Using instrumental variables (IV) regression and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition with a representative survey sample of 8,643 individuals, our study shows that positive attitudes towards climate policy significantly increase the acceptance of renewable energy infrastructures in Germany. Conversely, populist attitudes are associated with lower levels of acceptance. While place attachment has no significant effect, acceptance is notably lower in East than in West Germany. These results provide insights into the complex reasons behind the acceptance or rejection of renewable energy projects and highlight the need for climate policies that are sensitive to regional and political nuances. Tailored communication strategies that take these differences into account are essential to foster acceptance and bridge the gap between general acceptance and local rejection. In conclusion, the successful advancement of the energy transition in Germany requires acknowledging and addressing the diverse socio-cultural contexts across the country.
{"title":"Effects of climate policy attitudes and populism on the acceptance of renewable energy infrastructure in Germany","authors":"Elena Hubner, Peter Dirksmeier","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy transition in Germany, although supported nationally by widespread recognition of climate change, faces significant local opposition. This gap raises questions about the factors influencing individual attitudes towards renewable energy infrastructures. Drawing on the literature about the acceptance of renewable energy, we examine the impact of attitudes towards climate policy, populism and place attachment on the acceptance of renewable energy infrastructure. Additionally, we examine differences in acceptance between East and West Germany. Using instrumental variables (IV) regression and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition with a representative survey sample of 8,643 individuals, our study shows that positive attitudes towards climate policy significantly increase the acceptance of renewable energy infrastructures in Germany. Conversely, populist attitudes are associated with lower levels of acceptance. While place attachment has no significant effect, acceptance is notably lower in East than in West Germany. These results provide insights into the complex reasons behind the acceptance or rejection of renewable energy projects and highlight the need for climate policies that are sensitive to regional and political nuances. Tailored communication strategies that take these differences into account are essential to foster acceptance and bridge the gap between general acceptance and local rejection. In conclusion, the successful advancement of the energy transition in Germany requires acknowledging and addressing the diverse socio-cultural contexts across the country.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100234
Lucas Woodley , Chung Yi See , Daniel Palmer , Ashley Nunes
Preowned vehicles are disproportionally purchased by low-income households, regardless of propulsion type. Low-income households have long faced financial challenges to purchasing electric vehicles (EVs), especially absent financial incentives. Yet, those households would disproportionally benefit from EV adoption given the operating cost savings offered by electrification. To help realize this benefit, provisions of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) offer preowned EV purchasing incentives. How effective might these efforts be, and how might eligibility requirements governing procurement pathways impact such efficacy? We address these questions by combining nationally representative data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the National Household Travel Survey, and a detailed vehicle purchase dataset together with lifecycle emissions estimates derived from the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies (GREET) model. Using these data, we evaluate how the IRA’s preowned EV credit influences equity and emissions outcomes, focusing on the dealer-only eligibility requirement that impacts which households can benefit. Our findings are fourfold. First, we demonstrate that although low-income households are more likely to benefit from preowned EV purchasing incentives offered by IRA, up to 8.4 million low-income households may be ineligible owing to heterogeneity in vehicle procurement pathways (i.e., where a vehicle is purchased from). Second, we show that program ineligibility risks preventing up to 113.9 million tons of CO2e in lifecycle emissions reduction benefits from being realized, reducing total emissions benefits by approximately 31%. Third, we find that procurement pathways interact with vehicle price. More expensive preowned vehicles are purchased directly from commercial dealers, while less expensive preowned vehicles are purchased from private sellers. These procurement pathways matter because qualification for IRA’s incentives necessitates purchasing solely from commercial dealers (versus private sellers). Fourth, we demonstrate that while incentives motivating preowned vehicle purchases from commercial dealers may be effective if the vehicle costs more than $6000, this effectiveness diminishes at higher price points. The implications of our findings on decarbonization efforts and energy policy are discussed.
{"title":"Accessing clean vehicles: How dealer requirements limit equity and emissions benefits under the inflation reduction act’s preowned EV credit","authors":"Lucas Woodley , Chung Yi See , Daniel Palmer , Ashley Nunes","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preowned vehicles are disproportionally purchased by low-income households, regardless of propulsion type. Low-income households have long faced financial challenges to purchasing electric vehicles (EVs), especially absent financial incentives. Yet, those households would disproportionally benefit from EV adoption given the operating cost savings offered by electrification. To help realize this benefit, provisions of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) offer preowned EV purchasing incentives. How effective might these efforts be, and how might eligibility requirements governing procurement pathways impact such efficacy? We address these questions by combining nationally representative data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the National Household Travel Survey, and a detailed vehicle purchase dataset together with lifecycle emissions estimates derived from the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies (GREET) model. Using these data, we evaluate how the IRA’s preowned EV credit influences equity and emissions outcomes, focusing on the dealer-only eligibility requirement that impacts which households can benefit. Our findings are fourfold. First, we demonstrate that although low-income households are more likely to benefit from preowned EV purchasing incentives offered by IRA, up to 8.4 million low-income households may be ineligible owing to heterogeneity in vehicle procurement pathways (i.e., where a vehicle is purchased from). Second, we show that program ineligibility risks preventing up to 113.9 million tons of CO<sub>2</sub>e in lifecycle emissions reduction benefits from being realized, reducing total emissions benefits by approximately 31%. Third, we find that procurement pathways interact with vehicle price. More expensive preowned vehicles are purchased directly from commercial dealers, while less expensive preowned vehicles are purchased from private sellers. These procurement pathways matter because qualification for IRA’s incentives necessitates purchasing solely from commercial dealers (versus private sellers). Fourth, we demonstrate that while incentives motivating preowned vehicle purchases from commercial dealers may be effective if the vehicle costs more than $6000, this effectiveness diminishes at higher price points. The implications of our findings on decarbonization efforts and energy policy are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100233
Benjamin Leffel , Benjamin K. Sovacool
As national-focused orthodoxy in climate policy has proven insufficient to address the climate crisis, a shift to a multilevel framework is needed, centering cities as pivotal actors in global climate mitigation. To make this case, we apply the IPCC’s framework for enabling conditions for rapid climate mitigation—governance and institutions, policy, finance, behavioral change, and technological innovation—to global urban climate mitigation. Recent advances in city climate research reveal that multilevel forces across these five enabling conditions are crucial for achieving deep greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the world's cities. We also illustrate how city-business alliances, city networks, regulatory tools and innovative financial and technological instruments are reshaping pathways toward urban decarbonization. We identify critical data gaps and research needs across all enabling conditions, including standardized urban emissions and local corporate facility emissions data, behavioral policy and financial metrics. Together, these advances chart a research agenda for accelerating multi level, data-driven urban climate mitigation worldwide.
{"title":"Accelerating global city commitments and actions on climate change","authors":"Benjamin Leffel , Benjamin K. Sovacool","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As national-focused orthodoxy in climate policy has proven insufficient to address the climate crisis, a shift to a multilevel framework is needed, centering cities as pivotal actors in global climate mitigation. To make this case, we apply the IPCC’s framework for enabling conditions for rapid climate mitigation—governance and institutions, policy, finance, behavioral change, and technological innovation—to global urban climate mitigation. Recent advances in city climate research reveal that multilevel forces across these five enabling conditions are crucial for achieving deep greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the world's cities. We also illustrate how city-business alliances, city networks, regulatory tools and innovative financial and technological instruments are reshaping pathways toward urban decarbonization. We identify critical data gaps and research needs across all enabling conditions, including standardized urban emissions and local corporate facility emissions data, behavioral policy and financial metrics. Together, these advances chart a research agenda for accelerating multi level, data-driven urban climate mitigation worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100231
Haseeb Akbar , Pariyapat Nilsalab , Shabbir H. Gheewala
Agriculture is a resource-intensive sector and a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve sustainable development goals, agrarian economies must identify hotspots and improve resource efficiency through a holistic assessment of multiple factors. Sugarcane and cassava production in Thailand were studied focusing on the Northeast, North, and Central regions where these crops are predominantly cultivated. A comparative analysis was carried out considering three approaches: water–energy–food, water–energy–food–land, and water–energy–food–land–climate nexus. Adding land and then climate to the traditional water-energy-food nexus revealed further insights in resource use and greenhouse gas emissions. The Northeast had the best performance vis-à-vis resource efficiency for both the crops. The Central region showed low resource efficiency for sugarcane and the North for cassava. The analysis of these differences revealed important issues related to inefficiencies in water, energy, and fertilizer use. The spatial variation in sustainability offers insights for policymakers, helping them to understand the interdependencies of sustainable agricultural production and target interventions where they are most needed.
{"title":"Optimizing sugarcane and cassava production in Thailand via water-energy food-land-climate nexus","authors":"Haseeb Akbar , Pariyapat Nilsalab , Shabbir H. Gheewala","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agriculture is a resource-intensive sector and a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve sustainable development goals, agrarian economies must identify hotspots and improve resource efficiency through a holistic assessment of multiple factors. Sugarcane and cassava production in Thailand were studied focusing on the Northeast, North, and Central regions where these crops are predominantly cultivated. A comparative analysis was carried out considering three approaches: water–energy–food, water–energy–food–land, and water–energy–food–land–climate nexus. Adding land and then climate to the traditional water-energy-food nexus revealed further insights in resource use and greenhouse gas emissions. The Northeast had the best performance vis-à-vis resource efficiency for both the crops. The Central region showed low resource efficiency for sugarcane and the North for cassava. The analysis of these differences revealed important issues related to inefficiencies in water, energy, and fertilizer use. The spatial variation in sustainability offers insights for policymakers, helping them to understand the interdependencies of sustainable agricultural production and target interventions where they are most needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100230
Hanen Keskes, Alexander Martin
This paper critically examines the dominant discourse of the global energy transition from fossil fuel-based energy to low-carbon sources and reveals its underpinning in a liberal cosmopolitan-informed biopolitical logic. This discourse achieved hegemony by instrumentalizing climate change science, making it appear politically neutral and ecologically imperative. This research reveals three key limitations of this hegemonic discourse, namely depoliticization, Westen-centrism, and obfuscation of unequal power relations. These limitations compound to shield the hegemonic energy transition discourse from political and intellectual scrutiny, which in turn risks perpetuating colonial and racialized global hierarchies characteristic of the fossil fuel-based energy system. This paper joins the literature which seeks to highlight how power is embedded in energy discourses and practices. This paper advances a conceptual contribution to this literature through proposing the use of Foucauldian governmentality. This research demonstrates that governmentality is better equipped than post-colonialist perspectives to simultaneously historicise and contextualise unequal power relations to account for contingency, resistance, and agency. This paper therefore advocates for the operationalization of governmentality to account for post-colonial structures without jettisoning an awareness of the role of individual agency in reshaping energy systems and subverting attendant power relations. By doing so, governmentality-minded investigations can transcend interest-based perspectives to enable policy-relevant findings with the potential to transform the status quo
{"title":"Taking the power back: conceptualizing a people-centred energy transition","authors":"Hanen Keskes, Alexander Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper critically examines the dominant discourse of the global energy transition from fossil fuel-based energy to low-carbon sources and reveals its underpinning in a liberal cosmopolitan-informed biopolitical logic. This discourse achieved hegemony by instrumentalizing climate change science, making it appear politically neutral and ecologically imperative. This research reveals three key limitations of this hegemonic discourse, namely depoliticization, Westen-centrism, and obfuscation of unequal power relations. These limitations compound to shield the hegemonic energy transition discourse from political and intellectual scrutiny, which in turn risks perpetuating colonial and racialized global hierarchies characteristic of the fossil fuel-based energy system. This paper joins the literature which seeks to highlight how power is embedded in energy discourses and practices. This paper advances a conceptual contribution to this literature through proposing the use of Foucauldian governmentality. This research demonstrates that governmentality is better equipped than post-colonialist perspectives to simultaneously historicise and contextualise unequal power relations to account for contingency, resistance, and agency. This paper therefore advocates for the operationalization of governmentality to account for post-colonial structures without jettisoning an awareness of the role of individual agency in reshaping energy systems and subverting attendant power relations. By doing so, governmentality-minded investigations can transcend interest-based perspectives to enable policy-relevant findings with the potential to transform the status quo</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100228
Anton Ming-Zhi Gao , Jui-Chu Lin , Chien-Te Fan , Tsung Kuang Yeh , Jong-Shun Chen , Chao-Ning Liao
Since April 2022, Taiwan has introduced a series of policies and legal measures aimed at achieving its national goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. These measures include substantive strategies to advance emission reduction efforts and place increasing emphasis on the concept of a just transition—an aspect that distinguishes Taiwan’s approach from that of many other countries. To explore the evolution of just transition within Taiwan’s climate policy framework, this study first outlines its development across key policy documents, including the 2050 Net-Zero Pathway (March 2022), the Phased Goals and Actions Toward Net-Zero Transition (December 2022), and the Action Plan of Just Transition (April 2023). Drawing on conceptual frameworks from academic literature, the study then evaluates Taiwan’s just transition through the three interrelated dimensions of recognitional, procedural, and distributive justice.
Preliminary findings indicate that Taiwan’s interpretation of just transition extends well beyond protecting workers directly affected by the net-zero shift, rendering its scope overly broad and challenging to operationalise in practice. Moreover, despite the policy emphasis on just transition, empirical evidence suggests that its principles have yet to be effectively integrated into actual decision-making processes.
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