超细纤维污染：家用洗衣机洗涤产生的超细纤维的评估、排放估计和基于时间序列的预测以及减缓措施。

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI:10.1002/ieam.4985

Riya Kumbukattu Alex, Thasnimol Mukalarkudy Muhammed, Madhuraj Palat Kannankai, Amal Radhakrishnan, Abhinab Borah, Abesh Reghuvaran, Suja Purushothaman Devipriya

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引用次数: 0

摘要

微纤维是短于 5 毫米的线状结构，有天然、半合成或合成来源。这些微污染物无处不在，在环境、生物体和食物来源中不断出现。纺织品洗涤是超细纤维的一个主要来源，但在印度等消费和生产率极高的新兴经济体，对家用洗衣机产生的超细纤维污染的研究还很有限。本研究旨在评估在 "使用 "和 "不使用 "洗涤剂的条件下，半自动家用洗衣机流出的三类 "非新 "纺织品（纯棉、混纺和合成纤维）中微纤维的数量和大小分布。尽管大多数印度人仍然依赖手洗，但由于社会经济因素的改善，洗衣机在印度的使用量不断增加，因此本研究将重点放在洗衣机上。这项研究还为印度开发了年度排放估计和预测模型，以了解污染趋势。研究结果表明，洗衣机污水中的微纤维含量很高，在 "使用洗涤剂 "的条件下，棉、混纺和合成纤维的平均含量分别为 6476.67、3766.67 和 8645/L，而在 "不使用洗涤剂 "的条件下，含量较低。所有识别出的微纤维被分为五个大小等级。研究还发现，粉末洗涤剂增加了微小纤维的数量和排放量。每年的总排放量估计为 1.23 × 1011 微纤维，其中棉、合成纤维和混纺类微纤维的排放量分别为 2.11 × 1010、1.40 × 1010 和 6.15 × 109。基于时间序列的未来估算（自回归综合移动平均[ARIMA]和误差-趋势-季节性[ETS]）显示，超细纤维排放量的增长速度惊人，预计到 2030 年，年排放量将达到 1.90 × 1011。合成纤维和棉纺织品是造成超细纤维污染的最主要因素。这项研究强调，迫切需要解决印度等发展中国家因洗衣机洗涤造成的超细纤维污染问题，因为这些国家的社会人口因素加剧了这一问题。Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-12.© 2024 SETAC.

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Microfiber pollution: Assessment, emission estimation, and time-series-based forecast of microfibers from domestic washing machine laundering and mitigation measures

Microfibers are thread-like structures shorter than 5 mm and have natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic origins. These micropollutants are ubiquitous and are emerging in the environment, living organisms, and food sources. Textile laundering is a prominent source of microfibers, but limited research has been conducted on microfiber pollution from domestic washing machines in emerging economies such as India, where consumption and production rates are exorbitantly high. This study aimed to assess the abundance and size distribution of microfibers from the effluent of a semiautomatic domestic washing machine using three categories of “not-new” textiles: cotton, blended, and synthetic under “with” and “without” detergent conditions. Although most Indians still rely on hand washing, this study focused on washing machines due to their increasing use in India driven by improving socioeconomic factors. This study also developed annual emission estimation and forecasting models for India to understand pollution trends. The results revealed that microfibers were highly abundant in washing machine effluent, with a mean abundance of cotton, blended, and synthetic in “with detergent” conditions of 6476.67, 3766.67, and 8645/L, respectively, whereas in “without detergent,” it was lower. All identified microfibers were divided into five size classes. The study also found that powdered detergent increased the abundance and emission of tiny fibers. The overall annual emissions estimate was 1.23 × 10¹¹ microfibers, with cotton, synthetic, and blended categories accounting for 2.11 × 10¹⁰, 1.40 × 10¹⁰, and 6.15 × 10⁹ microfibers, respectively. Time-series-based future estimates (autoregressive integrated moving average [ARIMA] and error-trend-seasonality [ETS]) showed an alarming increase in microfiber emissions, with forecasted annual emission reaching 1.90 × 10¹¹ by 2030. Synthetic and cotton textiles are the most significant contributors to microfiber pollution. This study emphasized the urgent need to address the issue of microfiber pollution caused by washing machine laundering in developing countries, such as India, where sociodemographic factors intensify the problem. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2116–2127. © 2024 SETAC

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来源期刊

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESTOXICOLOGY&nbs-TOXICOLOGY

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5.90

自引率

6.50%

发文量

156

期刊介绍： Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM) publishes the science underpinning environmental decision making and problem solving. Papers submitted to IEAM must link science and technical innovations to vexing regional or global environmental issues in one or more of the following core areas: Science-informed regulation, policy, and decision making Health and ecological risk and impact assessment Restoration and management of damaged ecosystems Sustaining ecosystems Managing large-scale environmental change Papers published in these broad fields of study are connected by an array of interdisciplinary engineering, management, and scientific themes, which collectively reflect the interconnectedness of the scientific, social, and environmental challenges facing our modern global society: Methods for environmental quality assessment; forecasting across a number of ecosystem uses and challenges (systems-based, cost-benefit, ecosystem services, etc.); measuring or predicting ecosystem change and adaptation Approaches that connect policy and management tools; harmonize national and international environmental regulation; merge human well-being with ecological management; develop and sustain the function of ecosystems; conceptualize, model and apply concepts of spatial and regional sustainability Assessment and management frameworks that incorporate conservation, life cycle, restoration, and sustainability; considerations for climate-induced adaptation, change and consequences, and vulnerability Environmental management applications using risk-based approaches; considerations for protecting and fostering biodiversity, as well as enhancement or protection of ecosystem services and resiliency.

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