Peptide-based electrochemical biosensors for the detection of disease biomarkers

The detection of clinically important disease-specific biomarkers such as proteins, nucleic acids, antibodies, enzymes, viruses and circulating tumor cells is essential for understanding their role in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Thus, current clinical research aims at developing a biosensor for the ultrasensitive, reliable, and specific detection of these low-abundant biomolecules in bodily fluids including urine, saliva, and blood. Electrochemical biosensors are powerful devices that make it simple, quick, and affordable the detection of disease biomarkers in clinical diagnostics Peptides epitomize an intriguing group of biorecognition elements that can be linked to electrochemical transducers owing to their stability and selectivity concerning a target analyte. Moreover, they are amenable to facile synthesis and modification with designated functional groups, rendering them appropriate for the creation of innovative architectures for electrochemical biosensing systems. In this review, we provided an outline of the most recent developments in material designs, recognition systems, and strategy advancements related to fabricating peptide-based electrochemical biosensors for disease biomarker detection.