Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X最新文献

Synthesis of an electrically conductive film and stimulation of neurons in a microfluidic platform integrated with ITO-coated PET electrodes 导电膜的合成及在集成ito涂层PET电极的微流控平台中刺激神经元

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100744

Reyhan Coban , Aysel Saskara , Utku Devamoglu , Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas

Hybrid polymer materials are engineered by coupling distinct structural and functional domains, enabling distinctive properties unattainable in single-component systems. Hybrid polymer films stand out as promising materials that integrate physicochemical functionality with biological responses for tissue engineering applications. Mechanically robust, biocompatible polymer with extensive properties, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) represents a sought-after polymer for tissue engineering applications. Combining it with non-toxic conductive nanomaterials offers a promising technique to enhance conductivity and enable electrical stimulation for regulating the behavior of neuronal cells. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are among the most promising candidates for this purpose. In this study, electrically conductive PVDF/CNF composite films were synthesized under optimized conditions, characterized and evaluated for adaptability in neuronal cell culture for electrical stimulation applications. Optimized films exhibited fibrillar networks, as confirmed by multiple analyses. While CNFs act as the primary determinant of electrical conductivity, PVDF contributes to the mechanical robustness of the composite. Various coating strategies were applied and optimized to promote NSC-34 cell adhesion, proliferation, and directional orientation. Afterwards, functional evaluation using an Arduino-based ITO-integrated microfluidic platform (μ-platform) showed that AC and DC modes successfully enabled electrical stimulation. These results indicate that surface topography, protein functionalization, and optimized electrical properties support neuronal cell attachment and viability, thus providing a versatile platform for neuronal stimulation applications.

混合聚合物材料是通过耦合不同的结构和功能域来设计的，具有单组分系统无法实现的独特性能。混合聚合物薄膜是一种很有前途的材料，它将物理化学功能与生物反应结合在一起，可用于组织工程应用。机械坚固，具有广泛性能的生物相容性聚合物，聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）是组织工程应用中广受欢迎的聚合物。将其与无毒导电纳米材料相结合，提供了一种很有前途的技术，可以增强导电性，并使电刺激能够调节神经元细胞的行为。碳纳米纤维（CNFs）是最有希望实现这一目的的候选材料之一。在本研究中，在优化的条件下合成了导电PVDF/CNF复合膜，并对其在神经细胞培养中的电刺激适应性进行了表征和评估。经多重分析证实，优化后的薄膜呈现出纤维网状结构。而CNFs作为电导率的主要决定因素，PVDF有助于复合材料的机械稳健性。应用并优化了不同的涂层策略，以促进NSC-34细胞的粘附、增殖和定向。随后，使用基于arduino的ito集成微流控平台（μ-platform）进行功能评估，结果表明交流和直流模式成功实现了电刺激。这些结果表明，表面形貌、蛋白质功能化和优化的电学性质支持神经元细胞的附着和活力，从而为神经元刺激应用提供了一个通用的平台。

{"title":"Synthesis of an electrically conductive film and stimulation of neurons in a microfluidic platform integrated with ITO-coated PET electrodes","authors":"Reyhan Coban , Aysel Saskara , Utku Devamoglu , Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid polymer materials are engineered by coupling distinct structural and functional domains, enabling distinctive properties unattainable in single-component systems. Hybrid polymer films stand out as promising materials that integrate physicochemical functionality with biological responses for tissue engineering applications. Mechanically robust, biocompatible polymer with extensive properties, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) represents a sought-after polymer for tissue engineering applications. Combining it with non-toxic conductive nanomaterials offers a promising technique to enhance conductivity and enable electrical stimulation for regulating the behavior of neuronal cells. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are among the most promising candidates for this purpose. In this study, electrically conductive PVDF/CNF composite films were synthesized under optimized conditions, characterized and evaluated for adaptability in neuronal cell culture for electrical stimulation applications. Optimized films exhibited fibrillar networks, as confirmed by multiple analyses. While CNFs act as the primary determinant of electrical conductivity, PVDF contributes to the mechanical robustness of the composite. Various coating strategies were applied and optimized to promote NSC-34 cell adhesion, proliferation, and directional orientation. Afterwards, functional evaluation using an Arduino-based ITO-integrated microfluidic platform (μ-platform) showed that AC and DC modes successfully enabled electrical stimulation. These results indicate that surface topography, protein functionalization, and optimized electrical properties support neuronal cell attachment and viability, thus providing a versatile platform for neuronal stimulation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100744"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasensitive and selective dopamine detection using zirconia-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite via differential pulse voltammetry 用氧化锆修饰的还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料通过差分脉冲伏安法进行超灵敏和选择性的多巴胺检测

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100737

Arpana Parihar , Karthika Nambiar , Sagar Pawar , Raju Khan

Dopamine dysregulation is implicated in critical neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression, necessitating rapid and precise quantification in clinical diagnostics. This work reports the fabrication of a high-performance electrochemical sensor employing a reduced graphene oxide–zirconium dioxide (rGO–ZrO₂) nanocomposite for the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine in physiological samples. The ZrO₂–rGO nanocomposite was synthesized via a single-step hydrothermal route, and its structural, morphological, and optical characteristics were verified using UV–Vis spectroscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical analysis, employing differential pulse voltammetry, revealed that the ZrO₂–rGO-modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity, enabling a linear detection range from 10 nM to 1 mM with ultra-low detection limits of 0.63 nM in phosphate-buffered saline and 2.36 nM in serum samples. The fabricated sensor exhibits remarkable selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability, enabling the quantification of dopamine in both buffer and serum samples. The outstanding analytical performance is attributed to the uniform dispersion of ZrO₂ and rGO within the nanocomposite, which augments electron transfer efficiency and catalytic responsiveness.

多巴胺失调与包括帕金森病、精神分裂症和抑郁症在内的严重神经系统疾病有关，需要在临床诊断中快速准确地量化。本工作报道了一种高性能电化学传感器的制造，该传感器采用还原氧化石墨烯-二氧化锆（rGO-ZrO2）纳米复合材料，用于灵敏和选择性地检测生理样品中的多巴胺。采用单步水热法合成了ZrO2-rGO纳米复合材料，并利用紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和场发射扫描电镜对其结构、形态和光学特性进行了验证。采用差分脉冲伏安法的电化学分析表明，zro2 - rgo修饰的玻碳电极具有增强的电催化活性，其线性检测范围为10 nM ~ 1 mM，在磷酸盐缓冲盐水样品中检测限为0.63 nM，在血清样品中检测限为2.36 nM。该传感器具有显著的选择性、稳定性、再现性和可重复性，能够定量缓冲液和血清样品中的多巴胺。优异的分析性能归功于纳米复合材料中ZrO2和rGO的均匀分散，从而提高了电子转移效率和催化反应性。

{"title":"Ultrasensitive and selective dopamine detection using zirconia-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite via differential pulse voltammetry","authors":"Arpana Parihar , Karthika Nambiar , Sagar Pawar , Raju Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dopamine dysregulation is implicated in critical neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression, necessitating rapid and precise quantification in clinical diagnostics. This work reports the fabrication of a high-performance electrochemical sensor employing a reduced graphene oxide–zirconium dioxide (rGO–ZrO<sub>2</sub>) nanocomposite for the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine in physiological samples. The ZrO<sub>2</sub>–rGO nanocomposite was synthesized via a single-step hydrothermal route, and its structural, morphological, and optical characteristics were verified using UV–Vis spectroscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical analysis, employing differential pulse voltammetry, revealed that the ZrO<sub>2</sub>–rGO-modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity, enabling a linear detection range from 10 nM to 1 mM with ultra-low detection limits of 0.63 nM in phosphate-buffered saline and 2.36 nM in serum samples. The fabricated sensor exhibits remarkable selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability, enabling the quantification of dopamine in both buffer and serum samples. The outstanding analytical performance is attributed to the uniform dispersion of ZrO<sub>2</sub> and rGO within the nanocomposite, which augments electron transfer efficiency and catalytic responsiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100737"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanomembrane sensor-integrated central venous catheter for continuous monitoring of electrolytes in blood serum 纳米膜传感器集成中心静脉导管连续监测血清电解质

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100736

Ka Ram Kim , Garan Byun , Jimin Lee , Jihee Min , Mahsa Dadjou , Janice Newsome , Zachary Bercu , Hanzhou Li , John T. Moon , Woon-Hong Yeo

Prolonged hospitalization often leads to repeated blood draws, particularly in critically ill patients, which causes up to 70 % of them to develop hospital-acquired anemia. Sodium and potassium are regularly included in laboratory metabolic panels and are crucial electrolytes that influence clinical decisions, especially concerning essential cardiac and neurologic functions. For this reason, sodium and potassium ions are selected as target analytes for a thin-film sensor integrated with a central venous catheter (CVC). Here, we develop a sodium- and potassium-selective nanomembrane sensor system integrated with a CVC. This sensor suite features ionophore-based membranes deposited on graphene transducers through a customized airbrushing process, creating micro-thin coatings on conductive substrates. To enhance stability, we encapsulate the sensing units within elastomeric layers, assembled in a layer-by-layer manner. An experiment study verifies the long-term stability of the sensor using buffer and serum-diluted solutions at body temperature. The results of this study offer valuable insights for improving material robustness and reducing signal drift. Ultimately, this research aims to support continuous electrolyte monitoring, addressing the issue of hospital-acquired anemia in critically ill patients.

长期住院往往导致反复抽血，特别是危重病人，这导致高达70%的病人患上医院获得性贫血。钠和钾经常被列入实验室代谢小组，是影响临床决策的关键电解质，特别是涉及基本的心脏和神经功能。因此，选择钠离子和钾离子作为与中心静脉导管（CVC）集成的薄膜传感器的目标分析物。在这里，我们开发了一个钠和钾选择性纳米膜传感器系统集成的CVC。该传感器套件的特点是通过定制的喷枪工艺沉积在石墨烯传感器上的离子载体膜，在导电基板上形成微薄涂层。为了提高稳定性，我们将传感单元封装在弹性体层中，以一层一层的方式组装。实验研究验证了该传感器在体温下使用缓冲液和血清稀释溶液的长期稳定性。本研究结果为提高材料鲁棒性和减少信号漂移提供了有价值的见解。最终，本研究旨在支持持续电解质监测，解决危重患者医院获得性贫血的问题。

{"title":"Nanomembrane sensor-integrated central venous catheter for continuous monitoring of electrolytes in blood serum","authors":"Ka Ram Kim , Garan Byun , Jimin Lee , Jihee Min , Mahsa Dadjou , Janice Newsome , Zachary Bercu , Hanzhou Li , John T. Moon , Woon-Hong Yeo","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged hospitalization often leads to repeated blood draws, particularly in critically ill patients, which causes up to 70 % of them to develop hospital-acquired anemia. Sodium and potassium are regularly included in laboratory metabolic panels and are crucial electrolytes that influence clinical decisions, especially concerning essential cardiac and neurologic functions. For this reason, sodium and potassium ions are selected as target analytes for a thin-film sensor integrated with a central venous catheter (CVC). Here, we develop a sodium- and potassium-selective nanomembrane sensor system integrated with a CVC. This sensor suite features ionophore-based membranes deposited on graphene transducers through a customized airbrushing process, creating micro-thin coatings on conductive substrates. To enhance stability, we encapsulate the sensing units within elastomeric layers, assembled in a layer-by-layer manner. An experiment study verifies the long-term stability of the sensor using buffer and serum-diluted solutions at body temperature. The results of this study offer valuable insights for improving material robustness and reducing signal drift. Ultimately, this research aims to support continuous electrolyte monitoring, addressing the issue of hospital-acquired anemia in critically ill patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A machine learning framework for advanced analytical detection of CD36 using immunosensors below limit of detection 使用低于检测极限的免疫传感器进行CD36高级分析检测的机器学习框架

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100733

Muhammet Cagri Yeke , Sultan Sacide Gelen , Hilal Fil , Muhammet Mustafa Yalcin , Abdurrahman Gumus , Idris Yazgan , Dilek Odaci

We introduce a machine learning (ML)-based regression framework for quantitative electrochemical analysis, representing a paradigm shift from traditional univariate methods to a multivariate approach. Conventional analysis is constrained by reducing the entire signal to a single peak current feature to define a linear range and calculate a limit of detection (LOD). In contrast, our methodology treats the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) curve as time-series data, creating a high-dimensional fingerprint by systematically evaluating multiple data windows with varying widths around the main signal peak to identify the most informative segment. To validate this approach, a biosensor was developed by immobilizing Anti-CD36 antibodies on polydopamine-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes for the detection of CD36, a key protein in metabolism and immunity. Measurements were collected across 12 concentrations, including blank samples, spanning a range of 0 to 25 ng/mL. Following data augmentation, nine different regression models were evaluated, with the top-performing models achieving near-perfect prediction accuracy (R

^{2} > 0.99

) across this entire range. This high accuracy across the full concentration spectrum quantitatively demonstrates the method’s ability to operate without relying on traditional concepts like linear range or LOD, enabling reliable detection at ultra-low levels. Furthermore, the immunosensor exhibited high selectivity against common interferents and excellent recovery in human serum. This methodology represents a significant advancement in analytical electrochemistry, providing a transferable approach for enhancing sensitivity in biomarker detection with potential applications in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. The codes and dataset are made publicly available on GitHub to support further research: https://github.com/miralab-ai/biosensors-AI.

我们介绍了一种基于机器学习（ML）的定量电化学分析回归框架，代表了从传统的单变量方法到多变量方法的范式转变。传统的分析受限于将整个信号减少到单个峰值电流特征，以定义线性范围并计算检测限（LOD）。相比之下，我们的方法将差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）曲线视为时间序列数据，通过系统地评估主信号峰值周围不同宽度的多个数据窗口来创建高维指纹，以识别信息最丰富的部分。为了验证这一方法，通过将抗CD36抗体固定在聚多巴胺修饰的丝网印刷碳电极上，开发了一种生物传感器，用于检测CD36， CD36是代谢和免疫的关键蛋白质。测量收集了12种浓度，包括空白样品，范围为0至25 ng/mL。在数据扩充之后，对9种不同的回归模型进行了评估，表现最好的模型在整个范围内实现了近乎完美的预测精度（R2>0.99）。在整个浓度谱上的高精度定量证明了该方法的操作能力，而不依赖于传统的概念，如线性范围或LOD，可以在超低水平下进行可靠的检测。此外，该免疫传感器对常见干扰素具有高选择性，在人血清中具有良好的回收率。这种方法代表了分析电化学的重大进步，为提高生物标志物检测的敏感性提供了一种可转移的方法，在临床诊断和生物医学研究中具有潜在的应用。代码和数据集在GitHub上公开提供，以支持进一步的研究：https://github.com/miralab-ai/biosensors-AI。

{"title":"A machine learning framework for advanced analytical detection of CD36 using immunosensors below limit of detection","authors":"Muhammet Cagri Yeke , Sultan Sacide Gelen , Hilal Fil , Muhammet Mustafa Yalcin , Abdurrahman Gumus , Idris Yazgan , Dilek Odaci","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce a machine learning (ML)-based regression framework for quantitative electrochemical analysis, representing a paradigm shift from traditional univariate methods to a multivariate approach. Conventional analysis is constrained by reducing the entire signal to a single peak current feature to define a linear range and calculate a limit of detection (LOD). In contrast, our methodology treats the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) curve as time-series data, creating a high-dimensional fingerprint by systematically evaluating multiple data windows with varying widths around the main signal peak to identify the most informative segment. To validate this approach, a biosensor was developed by immobilizing Anti-CD36 antibodies on polydopamine-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes for the detection of CD36, a key protein in metabolism and immunity. Measurements were collected across 12 concentrations, including blank samples, spanning a range of 0 to 25 ng/mL. Following data augmentation, nine different regression models were evaluated, with the top-performing models achieving near-perfect prediction accuracy (R<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>></mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>99</mn></mrow></math></span>) across this entire range. This high accuracy across the full concentration spectrum quantitatively demonstrates the method’s ability to operate without relying on traditional concepts like linear range or LOD, enabling reliable detection at ultra-low levels. Furthermore, the immunosensor exhibited high selectivity against common interferents and excellent recovery in human serum. This methodology represents a significant advancement in analytical electrochemistry, providing a transferable approach for enhancing sensitivity in biomarker detection with potential applications in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. The codes and dataset are made publicly available on GitHub to support further research: <span><span>https://github.com/miralab-ai/biosensors-AI</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review on the impact of AI-enabled thermal imaging and IoT sensor fusion on early detection of mastitis in dairy cattle 人工智能热成像和物联网传感器融合对奶牛乳腺炎早期检测的影响

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100735

Arjun Asogan , Norazlianie Sazali , Arigela Satya Veerendra , Lingenthiran Samylingam , Navid Aslfattahi , Chee Kuang Kok , Kumaran Kadirgama

One of the most emerging economic diseases of dairy cattle, mastitis, reduces animal welfare, produces costly veterinary bills, prevents the animal from reaching its full milk production potential, creates the need to cull cows from the herd, and reduces the overall efficiency of the farm system. Conventional detection methods such as clinical inspection, the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and somatic cell (SC) functions, while useful, can identify subclinical cases at such an early enough stage for intervention. New technologies are turning towards the development of mastitis detection in real time and remotely using IoT devices, software, and complex AI algorithms. AI-driven analytics, coupled with infrared thermal imaging IRT and state of the art diagnostic IoT devices such as milking systems and behavioural collars, have yet to be integrated. IRT devices have the capability to analyze udder temperature and map inflammation. AI algorithms on image classification or data fusion from single tool-based approaches are able to achieve precision above the rest. Market and technological readiness, alongside cost and environmental variability are still fuelling the debate on the practical use of the technologies. This study slams breakthroughs and obstacles on record for detection of mastitis with the help of AI, Image fusion technologies, integrated IRT sensors, and IoT systems, while the rest argue the integration methods for cost-effective, vigilant husbandry of dairy cows in the herd.

乳腺炎是奶牛最新兴的经济疾病之一，它降低了动物福利，产生了昂贵的兽医费用，阻碍了动物充分发挥其产奶潜力，导致需要从牛群中剔除奶牛，并降低了农场系统的整体效率。传统的检测方法，如临床检查、加州乳腺炎试验（CMT）和体细胞（SC）功能，虽然有用，但可以在足够早的阶段识别亚临床病例，以便进行干预。新技术正在转向使用物联网设备、软件和复杂的人工智能算法进行实时和远程乳腺炎检测的发展。人工智能驱动的分析，加上红外热成像IRT和最先进的诊断物联网设备，如挤奶系统和行为项圈，尚未整合。IRT设备具有分析乳房温度和绘制炎症图的能力。基于单一工具的图像分类或数据融合的人工智能算法能够达到高于其他方法的精度。市场和技术的准备程度，以及成本和环境的可变性，仍在推动有关这些技术实际应用的辩论。这项研究对人工智能、图像融合技术、集成IRT传感器和物联网系统在乳腺炎检测方面的突破和障碍进行了抨击，而其他研究则认为，集成方法可以提高牛群中奶牛的成本效益和警惕性。

{"title":"A review on the impact of AI-enabled thermal imaging and IoT sensor fusion on early detection of mastitis in dairy cattle","authors":"Arjun Asogan , Norazlianie Sazali , Arigela Satya Veerendra , Lingenthiran Samylingam , Navid Aslfattahi , Chee Kuang Kok , Kumaran Kadirgama","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most emerging economic diseases of dairy cattle, mastitis, reduces animal welfare, produces costly veterinary bills, prevents the animal from reaching its full milk production potential, creates the need to cull cows from the herd, and reduces the overall efficiency of the farm system. Conventional detection methods such as clinical inspection, the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and somatic cell (SC) functions, while useful, can identify subclinical cases at such an early enough stage for intervention. New technologies are turning towards the development of mastitis detection in real time and remotely using IoT devices, software, and complex AI algorithms. AI-driven analytics, coupled with infrared thermal imaging IRT and state of the art diagnostic IoT devices such as milking systems and behavioural collars, have yet to be integrated. IRT devices have the capability to analyze udder temperature and map inflammation. AI algorithms on image classification or data fusion from single tool-based approaches are able to achieve precision above the rest. Market and technological readiness, alongside cost and environmental variability are still fuelling the debate on the practical use of the technologies. This study slams breakthroughs and obstacles on record for detection of mastitis with the help of AI, Image fusion technologies, integrated IRT sensors, and IoT systems, while the rest argue the integration methods for cost-effective, vigilant husbandry of dairy cows in the herd.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in smart contact lenses 智能隐形眼镜的最新进展

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100734

Zahra Adibag , Mahsa Ghanbarzadeh , Mohammad Amin Salati , Monireh Esmaeili Rad , Rais Ansari , Christopher N. Ta , Daddi Fadel , Mohammad Mofidfar , Farhang Abbasi

The growing demand for healthcare services and recent advances in materials and biosensing technologies have accelerated the development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, with smart contact lenses (SmCLs) emerging as a promising platform. This review systematically evaluates the role of tear fluid as a noninvasive diagnostic medium, highlighting its biochemical composition and challenges in sample collection. We examine the design parameters essential for functional SmCLs, including biocompatibility, oxygen permeability, wettability, and mechanical properties, which collectively determine long-term comfort and device performance. SmCLs can significantly improve the bioavailability of drug delivery while addressing the limitations of traditional ocular treatments, such as the rapid dissipation of eye medications through the nasolacrimal duct. Furthermore, the potential of SmCLs in disease diagnosis through chemical and physical biomarker detection is highlighted, showcasing their ability to monitor glucose levels and intraocular pressure in real-time. Overall, current evidence supports SmCLs as multifunctional devices capable of combining diagnostics and therapy in real time. However, large-scale validation studies are required to establish clinical accuracy, patient adherence, and cost-effectiveness. This review concludes that SmCLs represents an innovative direction in personalized healthcare, integrating materials science, biosensing, and drug delivery for noninvasive, continuous health monitoring of ocular and system diseases.

对医疗保健服务日益增长的需求，以及材料和生物传感技术的最新进展，加速了护理点（POC）诊断的发展，智能隐形眼镜（smcl）正在成为一个有前途的平台。这篇综述系统地评估了泪液作为一种无创诊断介质的作用，强调了其生化成分和样本收集的挑战。我们研究了功能性smcl的基本设计参数，包括生物相容性、氧渗透性、润湿性和机械性能，这些参数共同决定了长期舒适性和设备性能。SmCLs可以显著提高药物递送的生物利用度，同时解决传统眼部治疗的局限性，例如眼部药物通过鼻泪管快速消散。此外，通过化学和物理生物标志物检测，强调了SmCLs在疾病诊断中的潜力，展示了它们实时监测血糖水平和眼压的能力。总的来说，目前的证据支持smcl作为多功能设备，能够实时结合诊断和治疗。然而，需要大规模的验证研究来建立临床准确性、患者依从性和成本效益。本综述认为，smcl代表了个性化医疗保健的创新方向，将材料科学、生物传感和药物输送结合起来，用于眼部和系统疾病的无创、连续健康监测。

{"title":"Recent advances in smart contact lenses","authors":"Zahra Adibag , Mahsa Ghanbarzadeh , Mohammad Amin Salati , Monireh Esmaeili Rad , Rais Ansari , Christopher N. Ta , Daddi Fadel , Mohammad Mofidfar , Farhang Abbasi","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for healthcare services and recent advances in materials and biosensing technologies have accelerated the development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, with smart contact lenses (SmCLs) emerging as a promising platform. This review systematically evaluates the role of tear fluid as a noninvasive diagnostic medium, highlighting its biochemical composition and challenges in sample collection. We examine the design parameters essential for functional SmCLs, including biocompatibility, oxygen permeability, wettability, and mechanical properties, which collectively determine long-term comfort and device performance. SmCLs can significantly improve the bioavailability of drug delivery while addressing the limitations of traditional ocular treatments, such as the rapid dissipation of eye medications through the nasolacrimal duct. Furthermore, the potential of SmCLs in disease diagnosis through chemical and physical biomarker detection is highlighted, showcasing their ability to monitor glucose levels and intraocular pressure in real-time. Overall, current evidence supports SmCLs as multifunctional devices capable of combining diagnostics and therapy in real time. However, large-scale validation studies are required to establish clinical accuracy, patient adherence, and cost-effectiveness. This review concludes that SmCLs represents an innovative direction in personalized healthcare, integrating materials science, biosensing, and drug delivery for noninvasive, continuous health monitoring of ocular and system diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100734"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical sensing of hormonal serotonin levels in crayfish 小龙虾激素血清素水平的电化学传感

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100732

Sydney N. Overton , Kanishka Balamurugan , Jens Herberholz , Reza Ghodssi

The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been implicated as a key biomarker that regulates a range of neurobehavioral functions. 5-HT also plays a prominent role in modulating social behavior across species. Here, we report the successful differentiation of hormonal (circulatory) 5-HT concentrations in socially isolated and communal crayfish samples by a surface-modified carbon fiber microelectrode electrochemical sensor. Monitoring 5-HT concentrations across social conditions provided important insights into mechanisms linking isolation to neurohormones that guide behavior. Utilizing surface coatings and electrochemical etching, our sensor can detect endogenous, nanomolar concentrations of 5-HT in vitro from crayfish hemolymph (i.e., blood) collected from communally housed animals and those isolated for one or seven days. Our measurements revealed that crayfish responses to isolation varied by species: Procambarus crayfish isolated for seven days exhibited a major increase in 5-HT compared to communally housed or short-term isolated conspecifics, whereas for Faxonius crayfish, the hormonal concentrations of 5-HT peaked after one day of isolation but paralleled the levels of communally housed crayfish after one week of isolation. These findings underscore the complex nature of neurochemical pathways in response to social conditions, demonstrate the sensor's utility for studying 5-HT dynamics, and provide a method for monitoring temporal changes in hormonal 5-HT following social isolation.

神经递质血清素（5-羟色胺，5-HT）被认为是调节一系列神经行为功能的关键生物标志物。5-羟色胺在调节物种间的社会行为中也起着重要作用。在这里，我们报告了通过表面改性碳纤维微电极电化学传感器成功区分社会隔离和公共小龙虾样本中激素（循环）5-羟色胺浓度。监测社会条件下5-羟色胺的浓度，为了解隔离与指导行为的神经激素之间的联系机制提供了重要的见解。利用表面涂层和电化学蚀刻，我们的传感器可以检测体外内源性的纳摩尔浓度的5-羟色胺，这些5-羟色胺来自共同饲养的动物和隔离1天或7天的小龙虾血淋巴（即血液）。我们的测量结果显示，小龙虾对隔离的反应因物种而异：与共同饲养或短期分离的同种小龙虾相比，分离7天的原螯虾的5-HT激素浓度显著增加，而对于法克斯尼螯虾，5-HT激素浓度在隔离1天后达到峰值，但在隔离1周后与共同饲养的小龙虾水平持平。这些发现强调了社会条件下神经化学通路的复杂性，证明了传感器在研究5-羟色胺动力学方面的效用，并提供了一种监测社会隔离后5-羟色胺激素时间变化的方法。

{"title":"Electrochemical sensing of hormonal serotonin levels in crayfish","authors":"Sydney N. Overton , Kanishka Balamurugan , Jens Herberholz , Reza Ghodssi","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been implicated as a key biomarker that regulates a range of neurobehavioral functions. 5-HT also plays a prominent role in modulating social behavior across species. Here, we report the successful differentiation of hormonal (circulatory) 5-HT concentrations in socially isolated and communal crayfish samples by a surface-modified carbon fiber microelectrode electrochemical sensor. Monitoring 5-HT concentrations across social conditions provided important insights into mechanisms linking isolation to neurohormones that guide behavior. Utilizing surface coatings and electrochemical etching, our sensor can detect endogenous, nanomolar concentrations of 5-HT <em>in vitro</em> from crayfish hemolymph (i.e., blood) collected from communally housed animals and those isolated for one or seven days. Our measurements revealed that crayfish responses to isolation varied by species: <em>Procambarus</em> crayfish isolated for seven days exhibited a major increase in 5-HT compared to communally housed or short-term isolated conspecifics, whereas for <em>Faxonius</em> crayfish, the hormonal concentrations of 5-HT peaked after one day of isolation but paralleled the levels of communally housed crayfish after one week of isolation. These findings underscore the complex nature of neurochemical pathways in response to social conditions, demonstrate the sensor's utility for studying 5-HT dynamics, and provide a method for monitoring temporal changes in hormonal 5-HT following social isolation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Near field communication integrated lateral flow assays 近场通信集成横向流分析

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100731

Sevda Hasanova , Eda Gumus , Erhan Zor

Lateral Flow Assays (LFAs) have become indispensable in modern diagnostics due to their ease of use, low cost, and ability to deliver rapid results without the need for complex laboratory infrastructure. LFAs are particularly valuable in point-of-care settings and in regions with limited access to centralized healthcare facilities. Their versatility allows for the detection of a wide range of biomarkers, making them suitable for applications in infectious disease screening, pregnancy testing, and environmental monitoring. Concurrently, Near Field Communication (NFC) technology has emerged as a powerful tool in biomedical engineering, offering wireless data exchange, low energy consumption, and seamless connectivity between devices. NFC operates through short-range electromagnetic fields, enabling secure and efficient communication between sensors and mobile platforms such as smartphones or tablets. Its integration into diagnostic systems allows for automated data logging, real-time result sharing, and enhanced user interaction, thereby reducing human error and improving workflow efficiency. The integration of NFC technology into LFA platforms has led to the development of smart diagnostic systems with improved sensitivity, real-time data transmission, and enhanced user interaction. This review discusses key innovations and compares the reported approaches, emphasizing the impact of NFC-enabled LFA systems on the future of portable diagnostics.

横向流动测定法（LFAs）由于其易于使用、成本低、无需复杂的实验室基础设施就能提供快速结果的能力，在现代诊断中已成为不可或缺的技术。lfa在护理点环境中以及在获得集中医疗设施的机会有限的地区尤其有价值。它们的多功能性允许检测广泛的生物标志物，使其适用于传染病筛查，妊娠检测和环境监测。同时，近场通信（NFC）技术已成为生物医学工程中的强大工具，提供无线数据交换，低能耗和设备之间的无缝连接。NFC通过短距离电磁场工作，实现传感器与智能手机或平板电脑等移动平台之间的安全高效通信。将其集成到诊断系统中可以实现自动数据记录、实时结果共享和增强的用户交互，从而减少人为错误并提高工作流程效率。将NFC技术集成到LFA平台导致智能诊断系统的发展，具有更高的灵敏度，实时数据传输和增强的用户交互。这篇综述讨论了关键的创新，并比较了已报道的方法，强调了nfc支持的LFA系统对便携式诊断未来的影响。

{"title":"Near field communication integrated lateral flow assays","authors":"Sevda Hasanova , Eda Gumus , Erhan Zor","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lateral Flow Assays (LFAs) have become indispensable in modern diagnostics due to their ease of use, low cost, and ability to deliver rapid results without the need for complex laboratory infrastructure. LFAs are particularly valuable in point-of-care settings and in regions with limited access to centralized healthcare facilities. Their versatility allows for the detection of a wide range of biomarkers, making them suitable for applications in infectious disease screening, pregnancy testing, and environmental monitoring. Concurrently, Near Field Communication (NFC) technology has emerged as a powerful tool in biomedical engineering, offering wireless data exchange, low energy consumption, and seamless connectivity between devices. NFC operates through short-range electromagnetic fields, enabling secure and efficient communication between sensors and mobile platforms such as smartphones or tablets. Its integration into diagnostic systems allows for automated data logging, real-time result sharing, and enhanced user interaction, thereby reducing human error and improving workflow efficiency. The integration of NFC technology into LFA platforms has led to the development of smart diagnostic systems with improved sensitivity, real-time data transmission, and enhanced user interaction. This review discusses key innovations and compares the reported approaches, emphasizing the impact of NFC-enabled LFA systems on the future of portable diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next-generation polarimetric biosensors: machine learning–driven GeSe photodetectors for noninvasive glucose monitoring 下一代极化生物传感器：用于无创血糖监测的机器学习驱动的GeSe光电探测器

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100725

Maximilian B. Kopp

Accurate and painless glucose monitoring remains a critical need in diabetes management. Here we present a compact, polarization-sensitive biosensing platform that integrates anisotropic Germanium selenide (GeSe) photodetectors with machine-learning calibration for non-invasive glucose detection. Flexible GeSe devices fabricated on polyethylene-terephthalate substrates convert glucose-induced optical rotation directly into electrical signals without external polarizers. In-vitro tests across 50–300 mg dL⁻¹ glucose demonstrated linear phase sensitivity of 1.59 × 10⁻² ° (mg dL⁻¹) ⁻¹ and a detection limit of ≈12 mg dL⁻¹ (R² = 0.96). Preliminary in-vivo reflectance measurements from a fingertip confirmed feasibility of needle-free operation with R² = 0.91 versus glucometer readings. Gradient-boosting regression applied to polarization-photocurrent data improved prediction accuracy by > 20 %, achieving MAE = 8.6 mg dL⁻¹ and RMSE = 11.2 mg dL⁻¹. These findings indicate that GeSe-based polarimetric photodetectors, enhanced by data-driven modeling, offer a practical route toward compact, intelligent, and painless glucose-monitoring technologies.

准确和无痛的血糖监测仍然是糖尿病管理的关键需求。在这里，我们提出了一个紧凑的，偏振敏感的生物传感平台，集成了各向异性硒化锗（GeSe）光电探测器和机器学习校准，用于无创葡萄糖检测。在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯衬底上制造的柔性GeSe器件将葡萄糖诱导的旋光直接转化为电信号，而无需外部偏振器。50-300 mg dL - 1葡萄糖的体外试验表明，线性相灵敏度为1.59 × 10 - 2°(mg dL - 1) - 1，检出限为≈12 mg dL - 1 （R2 = 0.96）。初步的指尖体内反射率测量证实了无针手术的可行性，与血糖仪读数相比，R2 = 0.91。将梯度增强回归应用于极化光电流数据，预测精度提高了20%，MAE = 8.6 mg dL - 1, RMSE = 11.2 mg dL - 1。这些发现表明，基于锗谱的偏振光电探测器，通过数据驱动的建模，为实现紧凑、智能和无痛的血糖监测技术提供了一条实用的途径。

{"title":"Next-generation polarimetric biosensors: machine learning–driven GeSe photodetectors for noninvasive glucose monitoring","authors":"Maximilian B. Kopp","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and painless glucose monitoring remains a critical need in diabetes management. Here we present a compact, polarization-sensitive biosensing platform that integrates anisotropic Germanium selenide (GeSe) photodetectors with machine-learning calibration for non-invasive glucose detection. Flexible GeSe devices fabricated on polyethylene-terephthalate substrates convert glucose-induced optical rotation directly into electrical signals without external polarizers. In-vitro tests across 50–300 mg dL<sup>−1</sup> glucose demonstrated linear phase sensitivity of 1.59 × 10<sup>−2</sup> ° (mg dL<sup>−1</sup>) <sup>−1</sup> and a detection limit of ≈12 mg dL<sup>−1</sup> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96). Preliminary in-vivo reflectance measurements from a fingertip confirmed feasibility of needle-free operation with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.91 versus glucometer readings. Gradient-boosting regression applied to polarization-photocurrent data improved prediction accuracy by > 20 %, achieving MAE = 8.6 mg dL<sup>−1</sup> and RMSE = 11.2 mg dL<sup>−1</sup>. These findings indicate that GeSe-based polarimetric photodetectors, enhanced by data-driven modeling, offer a practical route toward compact, intelligent, and painless glucose-monitoring technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100725"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in saliva-based glucose sensors 唾液葡萄糖传感器的研究进展

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100730

Abhinav Sharma , Hendrik Faber , Nahoko Okimi , Thomas D. Anthopoulos , Taka-aki Yano

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects millions of people around the world, with estimations resulting in currently over 400 million patients and projections foreshadowing further increasing case numbers in the years to come. This chronic disease impacts the patients’ quality of life and places a major burden on healthcare systems worldwide. An effective diabetes management critically needs adequate glucose monitoring to maintain optimal blood glucose levels and to prevent complications. The conventional blood glucose monitoring practices are inconvenient and invasive, posing challenges for various patient populations especially infants, the elderly and those with limited mobility. These methods could further increase the risk of infection and discomfort. Saliva is an easily accessible and non-invasive fluid that offers a promising alternative to conventional glucose tests. This review provides an overview of recent important developments in saliva-based glucose sensing and discusses the progress made in sensing methods, nanomaterials and various approaches. In addition, the review examines the progress for the development of nanomaterial-based glucose sensors from 2022 to 2025 including electrochemical, field-effect transistor (FET) and optical sensors. These sensor types are evaluated based on their analytical performance which includes sensitivity, detection range, limit of detection, selectivity, stability and accuracy in measuring glucose levels in real/artificial saliva. This review addresses some of the challenges facing the measurement of glucose levels in saliva such as low concentrations of glucose and interference from interfering substances. In addition, future perspectives are presented for the development of efficient and robust saliva-based glucose sensors to enhance diabetes care and patient management.

糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，影响着全世界数百万人，目前估计有4亿多患者，并预测未来几年病例数将进一步增加。这种慢性疾病影响患者的生活质量，并对全球卫生保健系统造成重大负担。有效的糖尿病管理迫切需要足够的血糖监测以维持最佳血糖水平并预防并发症。传统的血糖监测方法不方便且具有侵入性，给不同的患者群体，特别是婴儿、老年人和行动不便的患者带来了挑战。这些方法可能会进一步增加感染和不适的风险。唾液是一种易于获取的非侵入性液体，为传统的葡萄糖测试提供了一种有希望的替代方法。本文综述了近年来基于唾液的葡萄糖传感的重要进展，并讨论了传感方法、纳米材料和各种途径的进展。此外，综述了2022 - 2025年基于纳米材料的葡萄糖传感器的发展进展，包括电化学、场效应晶体管（FET）和光学传感器。这些传感器类型根据其分析性能进行评估，包括灵敏度，检测范围，检测限，选择性，稳定性和准确性测量真实/人工唾液中的葡萄糖水平。本文综述了唾液中葡萄糖水平测量所面临的一些挑战，如低浓度葡萄糖和干扰物质的干扰。此外，未来的前景提出了高效和强大的基于唾液的葡萄糖传感器的发展，以加强糖尿病的护理和患者管理。

{"title":"Advances in saliva-based glucose sensors","authors":"Abhinav Sharma , Hendrik Faber , Nahoko Okimi , Thomas D. Anthopoulos , Taka-aki Yano","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects millions of people around the world, with estimations resulting in currently over 400 million patients and projections foreshadowing further increasing case numbers in the years to come. This chronic disease impacts the patients’ quality of life and places a major burden on healthcare systems worldwide. An effective diabetes management critically needs adequate glucose monitoring to maintain optimal blood glucose levels and to prevent complications. The conventional blood glucose monitoring practices are inconvenient and invasive, posing challenges for various patient populations especially infants, the elderly and those with limited mobility. These methods could further increase the risk of infection and discomfort. Saliva is an easily accessible and non-invasive fluid that offers a promising alternative to conventional glucose tests. This review provides an overview of recent important developments in saliva-based glucose sensing and discusses the progress made in sensing methods, nanomaterials and various approaches. In addition, the review examines the progress for the development of nanomaterial-based glucose sensors from 2022 to 2025 including electrochemical, field-effect transistor (FET) and optical sensors. These sensor types are evaluated based on their analytical performance which includes sensitivity, detection range, limit of detection, selectivity, stability and accuracy in measuring glucose levels in real/artificial saliva. This review addresses some of the challenges facing the measurement of glucose levels in saliva such as low concentrations of glucose and interference from interfering substances. In addition, future perspectives are presented for the development of efficient and robust saliva-based glucose sensors to enhance diabetes care and patient management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0