不含全氟和多氟烷基物质的消防泡沫对水生生物的慢性毒性。

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1002/etc.5979

Neil Fuller, Jamie G. Suski, Sarah Lanasa, Michael K. Chanov, Devin K. Jones, David L. Haskins, Kathryn A. Quinlin, Maggie A. Wigren, Jason T. Hoverman, Youn J. Choi, Maria S. Sepulveda, Linda S. Lee, Guilherme R. Lotufo, Alan Kennedy, Lauren May, Ashley Harmon, Thomas Biber, Nicolas Melby, David W. Moore, Peter B. Key, Katy W. Chung, Edward F. Wirth, Todd A. Anderson

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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于全球都在关注全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）对健康和环境的影响，因此迫切需要开发和使用不含 PFAS 的替代产品。因此，用于灭火的不含 PFAS 的消防泡沫已被开发用于军事和住宅环境。为便于选择风险较低的不含全氟辛烷磺酸的泡沫，本研究重点考察了七种不含全氟辛烷磺酸的泡沫和一种含全氟辛烷磺酸的泡沫对六种水生物种的慢性毒性。目标物种包括两种大型蚤（Daphnia magna）和杜父鱼（Ceriodaphnia dubia）、摇蚊（Chironomus dilutus）、糠虾（Americamysis bahia）和两种鱼（Pimephales promelas 和 Cyprinodon variegatus），终点包括生长、发育、繁殖和存活。为便于比较和产品毒性排名，计算了有效浓度（20%、50%）以及无观测效应浓度和最低观测效应浓度（分别为 NOECs 和 LOECs）。不同泡沫和物种的有效浓度、无观测效应浓度和最低观测效应浓度相差一个数量级以上，根据美国环境保护局的替代品评估危害标准，几种不含 PFAS 的配方被列为高毒性。总体而言，与含有全氟辛烷磺酸的参考泡沫相比，不含全氟辛烷磺酸的泡沫在多个物种和终点上表现出相似或更强的毒性。对于几种测试泡沫，在大型鲤鱼体内观察到了非单调和激素剂量反应，在中等暴露量时，繁殖和生长速度加快。总体而言，测试的泡沫毒性等级与使用相同物种和配方进行的相关急性毒性研究以及使用土壤无脊椎动物进行的其他研究结果一致。结合对哺乳动物、鸟类和植物等其他类群的相关研究，本研究将有助于选择适当的不含全氟辛烷磺酸的消防泡沫，从而最大限度地减少对环境的危害。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-19。© 2024 SETAC.

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Chronic Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance–Free Firefighting Foams to Aquatic Organisms

Amid global concern regarding the health and environmental impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), there is an urgent need to develop and implement alternative products without PFAS. Consequently, PFAS-free firefighting foams used for fire suppression have been developed for use in military and residential settings. To facilitate the selection of lower-risk PFAS-free foams, the present study focused on the chronic toxicity of seven PFAS-free and one PFAS-containing foam to six aquatic species. Target species included two cladocerans, Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia; the chironomid Chironomus dilutus; the mysid Americamysis bahia; and two fish species, Pimephales promelas and Cyprinodon variegatus, with endpoints including growth, development, reproduction, and survival. To facilitate comparison and product toxicity rankings, effective concentrations (20%, 50%) and no- and lowest-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs and LOECs, respectively) were calculated. Effective concentrations, NOECs, and LOECs varied by over an order of magnitude among foams and species, with several of the PFAS-free formulations ranked as highly toxic based on US Environmental Protection Agency alternatives assessment hazard criteria. Overall, the PFAS-free foams were found to exhibit either similar or greater toxicity compared to the PFAS-containing reference foam across several species and endpoints. Nonmonotonic and hormetic dose responses were observed in D. magna for several of the tested foams, with increased reproduction and growth at intermediate exposures. Generally, tested foam toxicity rankings were consistent with a related acute toxicity study using the same species and formulations, and other research using soil invertebrates. Combined with related efforts for other taxa including mammals, birds, and plants, the present research will facilitate the selection of appropriate PFAS-free firefighting foams that minimize harm to the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2436–2454. © 2024 SETAC

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Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

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9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.

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