饲养条件和工业大麻中大麻素浓度的变化。

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Archives of Animal Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI:10.1080/1745039X.2024.2383216
F Klevenhusen, A These, K Weiß, H-J Gusovius, R Pieper
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)是纤维、种子油和蛋白质的重要来源。工业大麻纤维生产的副产品,如大麻籽和大麻饼,可用作所有动物物种的饲料,作为脂肪和蛋白质来源,而整株大麻(包括茎和叶)可能是反刍动物的合适纤维来源。不过,之前用工业大麻品种制成的叶花籽大麻青贮饲料进行的一项饲喂实验表明,这种青贮饲料对奶牛的健康参数有不利影响,而且几种大麻素(包括具有精神活性的四氢大麻酚(∆9-THC))会大量转移到牛奶中,对消费者的安全构成潜在风险。基于这些观察结果,本研究对以下假设进行了测试:厌氧发酵(如在贮藏过程中)会增加大麻中的∆9-THC 含量。因此,本研究采用多种方法制备了工业大麻 Cannabis sativa L. var.Ivory 的全株植物制成的青贮饲料,采用多因素设计,四种处理方法分别为:1)未处理对照(CON);2)每公斤鲜重添加 10 毫升同发酵乳酸菌(105 cfu/mL)(LBAC);3)每公斤鲜重添加 10 毫升同发酵乳酸菌(105 cfu/mL)加 30 克糖蜜(LBACmol);4)添加丙酸(10 毫升/公斤鲜重)(PRO)。采用超高效液相色谱法和电喷雾串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)分析新鲜大麻材料中以及经过 10 天和 90 天腌制后的大麻素。研究表明,贮藏 90 天后,大麻中所有酸性大麻素形式的分析值均有所减少,减少幅度约为初始值的 40-65%,但大麻酚酸 (CBNA) 和大麻萜醇 (CBG) 的酸性形式 CBGA 除外。在大多数酸性形式减少的同时,所有大麻素(包括具有精神活性的 ∆9-THC)的相应非酸性形式也有所增加。因此,虽然腌制会降低大麻素的总含量,但精神活性化合物(如 ∆9-THC )会增加,从而增加动物健康风险,并将这些物质转移到动物衍生产品中。
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Ensiling conditions and changes of cannabinoid concentration in industrial hemp.

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an important source of fibre and seed oil and protein. By-products of industrial hemp fibre production, like hemp seeds and cakes, can be used as feed for all animal species as fat and protein source and the whole hemp plant (including stalk and leaves) might be a suitable fibre source for ruminants. However, a previous feeding experiment with leaf-flower-seed hemp silage, made from an industrial hemp variety, demonstrated detrimental effects on cow health parameters and a significant transfer of several cannabinoids, including the psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), into cow's milk, posing a potential risk to the safety of consumers. Based on those observations, the present study tested the hypothesis that anaerobic fermentation, as during ensiling, increases the content of ∆9-THC in hemp. Therefore, silages of whole plants from the industrial hemp Cannabis sativa L. var. Ivory were prepared in a multifactorial design, with the four treatments 1) untreated control (CON), 2) addition of 10 mL per kg fresh weight homofermentative lactobacilli at 105 cfu/mL (LBAC), 3) addition of 10 mL per kg fresh weight homofermentative lactobacilli at 105 cfu/mL plus 30 g molasses (LBACmol) and 4) addition of propionic acid (10 mL/kg fresh weight) (PRO). Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (UHPLC-MS/MS) was performed for analysis of cannabinoids in fresh hemp material and after 10 and 90 days of ensiling. The study revealed that ensiling decreased all acid forms of analysed cannabinoids in hemp at about 40-65% of the initial values after 90 days of storage, with the exception of cannabinolic acid (CBNA), and CBGA, the acidic form of cannabigerol (CBG). This decrease in most acidic forms was accompanied by an increase of the corresponding non-acidic forms of all cannabinoids, including the psychoactive ∆9-THC. Thus, although ensiling decreases the total cannabinoid content, psychoactive compounds like ∆9-THC can increase, enhancing the risk for animal health and a transfer of these substances into animal derived products.

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来源期刊
Archives of Animal Nutrition
Archives of Animal Nutrition 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
5.00%
发文量
31
审稿时长
>24 weeks
期刊介绍: Archives of Animal Nutrition is an international journal covering the biochemical and physiological basis of animal nutrition. Emphasis is laid on original papers on protein and amino acid metabolism, energy transformation, mineral metabolism, vitamin metabolism, nutritional effects on intestinal and body functions in combination with performance criteria, respectively. It furthermore deals with recent developments in practical animal feeding, feedstuff theory, mode of action of feed additives, feedstuff preservation and feedstuff processing. The spectrum covers all relevant animal species including food producing and companion animals, but not aquatic species. Seldom can priority be given to papers covering more descriptive studies, even if they may be interesting and technically sound or of impact for animal production, or for topics of relevance for only particular regional conditions.
期刊最新文献
Estimation of the digestible energy value of fat obtained from black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for growing pigs. Supplementation with heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila EB-AMDK19 counteracts diet-induced overweight in beagles. Effects of sanitary conditions with lipopolysaccharide injection and dietary valine supplementation on growth performance, immune response, bacterial profile, and microbial metabolites in weaned pigs. Determination and prediction of the net energy content of wheat bran for pregnant sow. Ensiling conditions and changes of cannabinoid concentration in industrial hemp.
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