Engineers guide to Terfenol-D actuators: Design, performance, and real-world applications

Terfenol-D, a rare earth substance renowned for its remarkable magnetostrictive capabilities, is used in the field of actuators and sensors. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the most recent developments in Terfenol-D actuator technology and its use in many fields such as motors, fuel injectors, inkjet printing heads, servovalves, pumps, and active vibration controllers. The emphasis will be on showcasing the latest accomplishments in this domain. This study offers comprehensive insights into the design, operational features, and performance metrics of several Terfenol-D actuators, accompanied by pertinent schematic illustrations and quantitative measurements. This paper provides an overview of the fundamental structures, consistency of the magnetic field along the Terfenol-D rod, displacement amplification process, and several applications. The focus of the argument has been on the ongoing scientific studies about the actuation capabilities of Terfenol-D actuators. This review paper aims to appeal to the interests and passion of academics, researchers, and engineers involved in the manufacturing, design, analysis, and control of Terfenol-D actuators.