MIL-125 and its derivatives based photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical applications

Among the Material of Institute Lavoisier (MIL) compounds, MIL-125 has been proved to be potentially high photoactive electrode in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices. The great progress has been achieved in the preparation, structural optimization and applications of MIL-125, especially in the PEC technology, as witnessed by the quick increase in the number of published papers. Consequently, a comprehensive review of the current research status of MIL-125 based electrodes in PEC is warranted. This review provides an in-depth analysis of various PEC applications employing MIL-125 based photoelectrodes, such as sensing (including PEC biosensors, organic pollutant detection, and heavy metal ion sensing), water splitting for hydrogen production, photovoltaic cells (including dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum dot-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and organic solar cells), photoelectrocatalysis, and photocathodic protection. Particular emphasis is placed on the signal amplification strategies, modification design, and reaction mechanisms of MIL-125 for PEC applications. Finally, the development opportunities and unsolved challenges associated with MIL-125 based materials in the PEC field are also highlighted. This comprehensive review is expected to expand the knowledge of recent advancements in MIL-125 and its derivatives modified electrodes and encourage researchers to promote the construction of efficient PEC systems.