减少空气污染暴露的城市规划方法回顾。

IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Current Environmental Health Reports Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI:10.1007/s40572-024-00459-2
Dung-Ying Lin, S Travis Waller, Ming-Yeng Lin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

审查目的:由于仅有 12% 的城市人口符合世界卫生组织准则规定的空气质量标准,因此亟需制定协调一致的战略,以满足健康社会的要求。解决社会对空气污染和人类健康期望的一个关键机制是在城市规划过程中采用战略建模。本综述综合了相关研究,为健康社会的协调战略提供信息。通过城市规划中的战略建模,我们试图找到缓解空气污染、提高公众健康水平和创造可持续城市环境的综合解决方案:成功的城市规划可以通过优化城市交通系统设计来减少空气污染。一个具体的例子是,通风走廊旨在将自然风引入城市地区,以改善热舒适度和空气质量。然而,声墙和植被等物理屏障必须按照设计标准精心挑选,其中存在重大权衡,必须进行量化建模。这些权衡通常涉及平衡效果、成本、美观和环境影响。例如,隔音墙在降低噪音方面非常有效,能产生立竿见影的效果,而且经久耐用。然而,声墙的建造成本高昂,视觉效果不佳,还可能阻挡视线和阳光。为了解决隔音墙成本高昂的问题,一个潜在的解决方案是种植叶面积指数或叶面积密度高的植被。在不同的土地利用潜力下,这种替代方法也是减少空气污染的有效方法。归根结底,排放法规是所有此类考虑的一个关键方面。鉴于在城市管理、通风走廊、物理屏障和交通规划方面存在广泛的发展、关注和考虑因素,本综述旨在总结一系列城市规划方法对空气污染考虑因素的影响。
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A Review of Urban Planning Approaches to Reduce Air Pollution Exposures.

Purpose of review: With only 12% of the human population living in cities meeting the air quality standards set by the WHO guidelines, there is a critical need for coordinated strategies to meet the requirements of a healthy society. One pivotal mechanism for addressing societal expectations on air pollution and human health is to employ strategic modeling within the urban planning process. This review synthesizes research to inform coordinated strategies for a healthy society. Through strategic modeling in urban planning, we seek to uncover integrated solutions that mitigate air pollution, enhance public health, and create sustainable urban environments.

Recent findings: Successful urban planning can help reduce air pollution by optimizing city design with regard to transportation systems. As one specific example, ventilation corridors i.e. aim to introduce natural wind into urban areas to improve thermal comfort and air quality, and they can be effective if well-designed and managed. However, physical barriers such as sound walls and vegetation must be carefully selected following design criteria with significant trade-offs that must be modeled quantitatively. These tradeoffs often involve balancing effectiveness, cost, aesthetics, and environmental impact. For instance, sound walls are highly effective at reducing noise, provide immediate impact, and are long-lasting. However, they are expensive to construct, visually unappealing, and may block views and sunlight. To address the costly issue of sound walls, a potential solution is implementing vegetation with a high leaf area index or leaf area density. This alternative is also an effective method for air pollution reduction with varying land-use potential. Ultimately, emission regulations are a key aspect of all such considerations. Given the broad range of developments, concerns, and considerations spanning city management, ventilation corridors, physical barriers, and transportation planning, this review aims to summarize the effect of a range of urban planning methods on air pollution considerations.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
1.30%
发文量
47
期刊介绍: Current Environmental Health Reports provides up-to-date expert reviews in environmental health. The goal is to evaluate and synthesize original research in all disciplines relevant for environmental health sciences, including basic research, clinical research, epidemiology, and environmental policy.
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