确定影响马铃薯块茎上市率的关键气象因素:华北地区为期 5 年的田间试验

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109554
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景马铃薯是中国的主要粮食作物之一。优化农艺管理可以提高马铃薯产量,而农民的经济效益则取决于马铃薯的产量和块茎率(MTR)。本研究旨在探讨马铃薯块茎率变化的关键气象因子以及马铃薯产量与块茎率之间的关系。方法进行了为期5年(2017-2021年)的马铃薯3个播种期和3个品种成熟度的雨水灌溉田间试验,研究不同年型下马铃薯高产和块茎率的最佳播种期和品种成熟度组合以及马铃薯产量与块茎率之间的关系。结果在整个试验期间,马铃薯鲜茎产量和成熟度差异较大,分别为 4.827 吨/公顷和 061%。与其他组合相比,在温暖潮湿年份早中熟栽培品种的MTR、产量和经济效益都较高。在暖干年,早中熟栽培品种的早播可获得更高的产量和MTR,但在大多数播种期和栽培品种成熟度组合下,农民仍会遭受经济损失。总体而言,马铃薯的产量与成熟度之间存在协同增效作用(R2=0.86,P<0.01)。块茎形成期的降水量和生长度日、块茎形成期前的降水量以及块茎形成期后的降水量和平均气温的交互作用可占块茎总产量变化的 77%,而块茎的上市率可由播种至块茎膨大后 10 d 的降水量、块茎形成期的生长度日以及块茎形成期前的降水量和平均气温的交互作用决定(R2=0.结论:通过优化播种期和栽培品种成熟度可协同提高马铃薯块茎总产量和MTR。意义:这些研究结果可为确定不同水热年类型下马铃薯的最佳播种期和栽培品种成熟度提供有价值的参考,以提高雨养马铃薯种植的MTR、产量和经济效益,并对马铃薯模式改良具有重要意义。
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Identifying the key meteorological factors to marketable tuber rate of potato: A 5-year field experiment in North China

Context

Potato is one of the staple food crops in China. Optimized agronomic management could enhance potato yield, while the economic benefits of farmers depend on both the yield and marketable tuber rate (MTR) of potato. The key meteorological factors to the variation of MTR of potato and the relationship between potato yield and MTR remain unclear.

Objective

The study aims to explore the key meteorological factors to the variation of MTR of potato and the relationship between potato yield and MTR.

Methods

A 5-year (20172021) rainfed field experiment with 3-planting date and 3-cultivar maturity of potato was conducted to investigate the optimum combination of planting date and cultivar maturity for both high yield and MTR under different year types and the relationship between potato yield and MTR. The meteorological factors during three growth stages including planting to 10 d before the tuberization, the tuber formation period (10 d before the tuberization to 10 d after the tuber bulking), 10 d after the tuber bulking to maturity were used to identify the key meteorological factors to yield and MTR of potato.

Results

Throughout the experimental period, there were large variations in the fresh tuber yield and MTR of potato ranging between 4.827 t ha−1 and 061 %, respectively. Early- to middle planting of middle maturing cultivars under warm-wet years resulted in higher MTR, yield, and economic benefit compared to other combinations. Under warm-dry years, while early planting of early- to middle-maturing cultivars could achieve higher yield and MTR, farmers still suffer economic losses under most combinations of planting date and cultivar maturity. On the whole, there was a synergistical enhancement between yield and MTR of potato (R2=0.86, P<0.01). The precipitation and growing degree day (GDD) during tuber formation period (TF), precipitation before TF, and the interaction of precipitation and mean air temperature after TF could account for 77 % of the variations in total tuber yield while marketable tuber rate could be determined by the precipitation from planting to 10 d after the tuber bulking, the HDD during TF, and the interaction of precipitation and mean air temperature before TF (R2=0.79).

Conclusions:

Total tuber yield and MTR of potato could be synergistically enhanced by optimizing planting date and cultivar maturity. Compared with total tuber yield, MTR influences economic benefit of potato more significantly.

Implications:

These findings could serve as a valuable reference for determining the optimal planting date and cultivar maturity of potato under different hydrothermal year types to enhance the MTR, yield, and economic benefit of rainfed potato planting and provide an important implication on potato model improvement.

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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
期刊最新文献
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