{"title":"天然深共晶溶剂：新成分设计中的稳定性和渗透性范例","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2024.125864","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ascorbic Acid (AA) is a crucial component in the food industry, serving as both a quality and safety criterion. It is used to fortify foods due to its significant role in human health, acting as an antioxidant. Its benefits extend to both product quality and consumer health in the food and cosmetic industry. Due to their physicochemical properties, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) have the potential to be used for the extraction and stabilization of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study is to characterize various NADES, simulate the solubility of AA, evaluate the antioxidant and protective capacity of NADES, and investigate the permeability of this vitamin through the skin and gastrointestinal membrane. Antioxidant capacity was measured using three methods: TEAC, DPPH, and ORAC. The solubility of AA in NADES systems was simulated using the COSMOTherm software. The degradation of AA was monitored by HPLC/UV–Vis for 30 days at two different storage temperatures. Additionally, the membrane solubility was measured using the PAMPA method in both skin and gastrointestinal. The results indicate that organic acid-based NADES are more polar than sugar and polyalcohol-based NADES. The solubility prediction shows that reduced ln(γ) in Choline chloride-based NADES results in low AA solubility, which positively correlates with higher pH values. AA degradation increased at lower pH, and its half-life time was longer at 4 °C, being the best choline chloride (ChChl):xylose. Moreover, betaine:malic acid, ChChl:tartaric acid, and ChChl:lactic acid gave worse stabilizing results than control. According to the PAMPA study, AA in lactic acid:glucose had the highest Pe (permeability coefficient) for both gastrointestinal (Log P<sub>e</sub>: −4.99) and skin (Log P<sub>e</sub>: −4.78). Malic acid:glucose, on the other hand, had the lowest LogP<sub>e</sub> value (−6.9). In this study, some NADES can play a protective role in the preservation of ascorbic acid. This statement could be extended to other bioactive compounds found in NADES extracts that may be impacted by oxidative processes. Moreover, not all NADES stabilized equally AA. These findings could be applied to the formulation of ascorbic acid-containing drugs, cosmetics, and food products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167732224019238/pdfft?md5=367b56857bf98696bdd55103adf17f39&pid=1-s2.0-S0167732224019238-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Natural deep eutectic solvents: A paradigm of stability and permeability in the design of new ingredients\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.molliq.2024.125864\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Ascorbic Acid (AA) is a crucial component in the food industry, serving as both a quality and safety criterion. It is used to fortify foods due to its significant role in human health, acting as an antioxidant. Its benefits extend to both product quality and consumer health in the food and cosmetic industry. Due to their physicochemical properties, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) have the potential to be used for the extraction and stabilization of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study is to characterize various NADES, simulate the solubility of AA, evaluate the antioxidant and protective capacity of NADES, and investigate the permeability of this vitamin through the skin and gastrointestinal membrane. Antioxidant capacity was measured using three methods: TEAC, DPPH, and ORAC. The solubility of AA in NADES systems was simulated using the COSMOTherm software. The degradation of AA was monitored by HPLC/UV–Vis for 30 days at two different storage temperatures. Additionally, the membrane solubility was measured using the PAMPA method in both skin and gastrointestinal. The results indicate that organic acid-based NADES are more polar than sugar and polyalcohol-based NADES. The solubility prediction shows that reduced ln(γ) in Choline chloride-based NADES results in low AA solubility, which positively correlates with higher pH values. AA degradation increased at lower pH, and its half-life time was longer at 4 °C, being the best choline chloride (ChChl):xylose. Moreover, betaine:malic acid, ChChl:tartaric acid, and ChChl:lactic acid gave worse stabilizing results than control. According to the PAMPA study, AA in lactic acid:glucose had the highest Pe (permeability coefficient) for both gastrointestinal (Log P<sub>e</sub>: −4.99) and skin (Log P<sub>e</sub>: −4.78). Malic acid:glucose, on the other hand, had the lowest LogP<sub>e</sub> value (−6.9). In this study, some NADES can play a protective role in the preservation of ascorbic acid. This statement could be extended to other bioactive compounds found in NADES extracts that may be impacted by oxidative processes. Moreover, not all NADES stabilized equally AA. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
抗坏血酸（AA）是食品工业中的重要成分，既是质量标准，也是安全标准。由于抗坏血酸是一种抗氧化剂，对人体健康具有重要作用，因此被用于强化食品。在食品和化妆品行业中，它对产品质量和消费者健康都有好处。天然深共晶溶剂（NADES）因其物理化学特性，具有用于提取和稳定生物活性化合物的潜力。本研究的目的是描述各种 NADES 的特性，模拟 AA 的溶解度，评估 NADES 的抗氧化和保护能力，并研究这种维生素通过皮肤和胃肠道膜的渗透性。抗氧化能力采用三种方法进行测量：TEAC、DPPH 和 ORAC。使用 COSMOTherm 软件模拟了 AA 在 NADES 系统中的溶解度。在两种不同的储存温度下，通过 HPLC/UV-Vis 监测 AA 的降解情况，为期 30 天。此外，还使用 PAMPA 法测量了 AA 在皮肤和胃肠道中的膜溶解度。结果表明，有机酸类 NADES 的极性高于糖类和多元醇类 NADES。溶解度预测结果表明，氯化胆碱基 NADES 的 ln（γ）降低会导致 AA 溶解度降低，这与较高的 pH 值呈正相关。AA 的降解在较低的 pH 值下增加，其半衰期在 4 °C 下延长，氯化胆碱（ChChl）:木糖的降解效果最好。此外，甜菜碱：苹果酸、氯化胆碱：酒石酸和氯化胆碱：乳酸的稳定效果比对照组差。根据 PAMPA 研究，乳酸:葡萄糖中的 AA 对胃肠道（Log Pe：-4.99）和皮肤（Log Pe：-4.78）的渗透系数（Pe）最高。另一方面，苹果酸：葡萄糖的 LogPe 值最低（-6.9）。在这项研究中，一些 NADES 对抗坏血酸的保存起到了保护作用。这种说法可以延伸到 NADES 提取物中发现的其他生物活性化合物，它们可能会受到氧化过程的影响。此外，并非所有的 NADES 都能稳定 AA。这些发现可应用于含抗坏血酸的药物、化妆品和食品的配制。
Natural deep eutectic solvents: A paradigm of stability and permeability in the design of new ingredients
Ascorbic Acid (AA) is a crucial component in the food industry, serving as both a quality and safety criterion. It is used to fortify foods due to its significant role in human health, acting as an antioxidant. Its benefits extend to both product quality and consumer health in the food and cosmetic industry. Due to their physicochemical properties, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) have the potential to be used for the extraction and stabilization of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study is to characterize various NADES, simulate the solubility of AA, evaluate the antioxidant and protective capacity of NADES, and investigate the permeability of this vitamin through the skin and gastrointestinal membrane. Antioxidant capacity was measured using three methods: TEAC, DPPH, and ORAC. The solubility of AA in NADES systems was simulated using the COSMOTherm software. The degradation of AA was monitored by HPLC/UV–Vis for 30 days at two different storage temperatures. Additionally, the membrane solubility was measured using the PAMPA method in both skin and gastrointestinal. The results indicate that organic acid-based NADES are more polar than sugar and polyalcohol-based NADES. The solubility prediction shows that reduced ln(γ) in Choline chloride-based NADES results in low AA solubility, which positively correlates with higher pH values. AA degradation increased at lower pH, and its half-life time was longer at 4 °C, being the best choline chloride (ChChl):xylose. Moreover, betaine:malic acid, ChChl:tartaric acid, and ChChl:lactic acid gave worse stabilizing results than control. According to the PAMPA study, AA in lactic acid:glucose had the highest Pe (permeability coefficient) for both gastrointestinal (Log Pe: −4.99) and skin (Log Pe: −4.78). Malic acid:glucose, on the other hand, had the lowest LogPe value (−6.9). In this study, some NADES can play a protective role in the preservation of ascorbic acid. This statement could be extended to other bioactive compounds found in NADES extracts that may be impacted by oxidative processes. Moreover, not all NADES stabilized equally AA. These findings could be applied to the formulation of ascorbic acid-containing drugs, cosmetics, and food products.
期刊介绍：
The journal includes papers in the following areas:
– Simple organic liquids and mixtures
– Ionic liquids
– Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces
– Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles
– Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals
– Ferrofluids
– Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids
– Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts
– Molten metals and salts
– Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids
– Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution
The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include:
– Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.)
– Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.)
– Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.)
– Dielectric relaxation
– X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction.
Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.
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