Matthew D Price, Meghan E Mali, Florence Dedey, Klenam Dzefi-Tettey, Yao Li, Cameron Almeida, Kirstyn E Brownson, Raymond R Price, Edward Kofi Sutherland
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Health Facilities Regulatory Authority records on diagnostic centers were obtained to identify additional in-country breast imaging services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and twenty-eight of 346 hospitals participated in the survey (95%). Only 21 hospitals reported on-site mammography. One hospital reported performing >100 mammographies per month. The average cost to the patient ranged from 100 to 500 Cedis ($17-87 US dollars [USD]), although three hospitals performed mammography at no cost. An additional 10 mammography machines were identified at diagnostic centers throughout the country, with 41.3% of the female population living within 1 hour of mammography services. There were 135 hospital-based breast ultrasound services identified with 69.5% of the female population living within 1 hour of these services. There were an additional 190 ultrasound machines at diagnostic centers. There were 96 in-country radiologists identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although there is limited availability and utilization of mammography in Ghana, there is more readily available ultrasonography. A focus on increasing breast cancer early diagnostic capabilities with breast ultrasound should be prioritized in addition to further expansion of the radiology workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":14806,"journal":{"name":"JCO Global Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462162/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Mammography and Breast Ultrasonography Services in Ghana, Availability, and Geographic Access.\",\"authors\":\"Matthew D Price, Meghan E Mali, Florence Dedey, Klenam Dzefi-Tettey, Yao Li, Cameron Almeida, Kirstyn E Brownson, Raymond R Price, Edward Kofi Sutherland\",\"doi\":\"10.1200/GO.24.00218\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Ghana. Mammography and ultrasound have proven benefits in the early detection of breast cancer. This study evaluates mammography, breast ultrasound, and radiology work force availability throughout Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was administered to all hospitals in Ghana from November 2020 to October 2021. Mammography, breast ultrasound services, and the number of radiologists were assessed. For mammography, the number performed per month, cost incurred by the patient, where images were read, and how long it took to receive reports were also assessed. Health Facilities Regulatory Authority records on diagnostic centers were obtained to identify additional in-country breast imaging services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and twenty-eight of 346 hospitals participated in the survey (95%). Only 21 hospitals reported on-site mammography. One hospital reported performing >100 mammographies per month. The average cost to the patient ranged from 100 to 500 Cedis ($17-87 US dollars [USD]), although three hospitals performed mammography at no cost. An additional 10 mammography machines were identified at diagnostic centers throughout the country, with 41.3% of the female population living within 1 hour of mammography services. There were 135 hospital-based breast ultrasound services identified with 69.5% of the female population living within 1 hour of these services. There were an additional 190 ultrasound machines at diagnostic centers. There were 96 in-country radiologists identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although there is limited availability and utilization of mammography in Ghana, there is more readily available ultrasonography. A focus on increasing breast cancer early diagnostic capabilities with breast ultrasound should be prioritized in addition to further expansion of the radiology workforce.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14806,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"JCO Global Oncology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462162/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"JCO Global Oncology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1200/GO.24.00218\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ONCOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"JCO Global Oncology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1200/GO.24.00218","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:乳腺癌是加纳确诊的主要癌症类型,也是癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。事实证明,乳房 X 射线照相术和超声波检查对乳腺癌的早期发现有很大帮助。本研究评估了加纳各地乳腺 X 射线照相术、乳腺超声波和放射科劳动力的可用性:方法:2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 10 月对加纳所有医院进行了调查。方法:于 2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 10 月对加纳所有医院进行了调查,评估了乳腺 X 射线照相术、乳腺超声波服务和放射科医生的数量。对于乳腺 X 射线照相术,还评估了每月实施的数量、患者产生的费用、读取图像的地点以及收到报告所需的时间。我们还获得了卫生机构监管局关于诊断中心的记录,以确定国内其他的乳腺成像服务:346家医院中有328家(95%)参与了调查。只有 21 家医院报告了现场乳腺造影术。有一家医院称每月进行的乳房 X 射线照相术超过 100 次。患者的平均费用从 100 到 500 塞地(17-87 美元)不等,但有三家医院免费提供乳腺 X 射线照相术。在全国各地的诊断中心还发现了 10 台乳腺 X 射线照相设备,41.3% 的女性人口居住在 1 小时内可到达的乳腺 X 射线照相服务点。全国共有 135 家医院提供乳腺超声波服务,69.5% 的女性人口居住在 1 小时内可到达这些服务机构。诊断中心还有 190 台超声波机。国内共有 96 名放射科医生:结论:虽然加纳乳房 X 射线照相术的可用性和利用率有限,但超声波照相术的可用性更高。除了进一步扩大放射科人员队伍外,还应该优先考虑利用乳腺超声波提高乳腺癌早期诊断能力。
Mammography and Breast Ultrasonography Services in Ghana, Availability, and Geographic Access.
Purpose: Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Ghana. Mammography and ultrasound have proven benefits in the early detection of breast cancer. This study evaluates mammography, breast ultrasound, and radiology work force availability throughout Ghana.
Methods: A survey was administered to all hospitals in Ghana from November 2020 to October 2021. Mammography, breast ultrasound services, and the number of radiologists were assessed. For mammography, the number performed per month, cost incurred by the patient, where images were read, and how long it took to receive reports were also assessed. Health Facilities Regulatory Authority records on diagnostic centers were obtained to identify additional in-country breast imaging services.
Results: Three hundred and twenty-eight of 346 hospitals participated in the survey (95%). Only 21 hospitals reported on-site mammography. One hospital reported performing >100 mammographies per month. The average cost to the patient ranged from 100 to 500 Cedis ($17-87 US dollars [USD]), although three hospitals performed mammography at no cost. An additional 10 mammography machines were identified at diagnostic centers throughout the country, with 41.3% of the female population living within 1 hour of mammography services. There were 135 hospital-based breast ultrasound services identified with 69.5% of the female population living within 1 hour of these services. There were an additional 190 ultrasound machines at diagnostic centers. There were 96 in-country radiologists identified.
Conclusion: Although there is limited availability and utilization of mammography in Ghana, there is more readily available ultrasonography. A focus on increasing breast cancer early diagnostic capabilities with breast ultrasound should be prioritized in addition to further expansion of the radiology workforce.