监测加泰罗尼亚(西班牙)城市和城市周边野生动物的 SARS-CoV-2 感染情况。

IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES One health outlook Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1186/s42522-024-00109-5
Leira Fernández-Bastit, Tomás Montalvo, Sandra Franco, Laura Barahona, Manel López-Bejar, Annais Carbajal, Encarna Casas-Díaz, Francesc Closa-Sebastià, Joaquim Segalés, Júlia Vergara-Alert
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:砍伐森林、城市化和野生动物开发等人类活动增加了人畜共患病的传播风险。城市和城郊野生动物物种通常在人类改变的环境中繁衍生息,它们的生存和行为受到人类产生的食物和废物的严重影响。在西班牙加泰罗尼亚和其他地中海地区,啮齿动物物种,包括家鼠(Mus musculus)、黑鼠(Rattus rattus)、挪威鼠(Rattus norvegicus)以及野猪(Sus scrofa)在城市和城市周边地区很常见。这些物种寄生着包括冠状病毒(CoVs)在内的多种传染性病原体,对人类健康构成潜在风险。在 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间,严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)发生了进化,能够感染以前不易感染的物种,其变种能够感染啮齿动物,这突出了它们在监测研究中的重要性:本研究评估了大流行期间(2020-2023 年)加泰罗尼亚 232 只啮齿动物、313 头野猪和 37 头越南肚皮猪是否感染和/或接触过 SARS-CoV-2:所有接受 SARS-CoV-2 急性感染检测的动物(232 只啮齿动物和 29 只野猪)均呈阴性。在接触 SARS-CoV-2 的 313 头野猪中,有 3 头(0.96%)经 ELISA 检测呈阳性,其余 32 头啮齿动物、310 头野猪和 37 头越南猪均呈阴性。ELISA检测呈阳性的样本可能与其他CoV存在交叉反应,因为3头野猪的病毒中和检测呈阴性,而病毒中和检测被认为是金标准技术:在加泰罗尼亚 COVID-19 大流行期间,野猪和啮齿类动物没有接触到 SARS-CoV-2 或受到急性感染,这证明它们在病毒传播中的作用微乎其微。然而,由于野猪和啮齿类动物与人类距离较近,而且 SARS-CoV-2 的基因正在不断进化,因此有必要对其进行持续监测。监测动物物种中的 SARS-CoV-2 感染情况有助于制定措施,控制新的动物贮藏库或中间宿主的出现,因为它们可能会助长病毒外溢事件。
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Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection in urban and peri-urban wildlife species from Catalonia (Spain).

Background: Human activities including deforestation, urbanization, and wildlife exploitation increase the risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases. Urban and peri-urban wildlife species often flourish in human-altered environments, with their survival and behavior heavily influenced by human-generated food and waste. In Catalonia, Spain, and other Mediterranean regions, species of rodents, including the house mouse (Mus musculus), black rat (Rattus rattus), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), as well as wild boar (Sus scrofa) are common in urban and peri-urban areas. These species host numerous infectious agents, including coronaviruses (CoVs), posing potential human health risks. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolved to infect previously non-susceptible species, with variants capable of infecting rodents, emphasizing their importance in surveillance studies.

Methods: The present study assessed SARS-CoV-2 presence and/or exposure in 232 rodents, 313 wild boar, and 37 Vietnamese Pot-bellied pigs in Catalonia during the pandemic period (2020-2023).

Results: All the animals tested for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (232 rodents and 29 wild boar) were negative. For SARS-CoV-2 exposure, 3 out of 313 (0.96%) wild boar tested positive by ELISA, while the remaining 32 rodents, 310 wild boar, and 37 Vietnamese Pot-bellied pigs were all negative. Cross-reactivity with other CoVs was predicted for ELISA-positive samples, as the 3 wild boar tested negative by the virus neutralization assay, considered as the gold standard technique.

Conclusions: The absence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure or acute infection in wild boar and rodent species supports their negligible role in viral spread or transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia. However, their proximity to humans and the ongoing genetic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 underline the need for continued monitoring. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in animal species can contribute to design measures to control the emergence of new animal reservoirs or intermediate hosts that could facilitate viral spillover events.

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