Surrogate-Assisted Differential Evolution with multiple sampling mechanisms for high-dimensional expensive problems

Recently, Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithms (SAEAs) have been widely employed in solving Expensive Optimization Problems (EOPs) due to their efficiency in obtaining satisfactory solutions with limited resources. By leveraging historical data to construct surrogate models for approximation, SAEAs can significantly reduce the number of expensive fitness evaluations for EOPs. A hierarchical SAEA optimization framework based on evolutionary sampling methods has achieved remarkable success in High-dimensional EOPs (HEOPs), which can effectively balance the exploration and exploitation capabilities. However, the majority of existing hierarchical SAEAs focus on either switching between different sampling strategies or enhancing a single sampling strategy, potentially overlooking the potential to improve multiple sampling strategies simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a Surrogate-Assisted Differential Evolution with Multiple Sampling Mechanisms (SADE-MSM) to tackle HEOPs, incorporating three sampling strategies with different mechanisms. The contributions of SADE-MSM are summarized as follows: 1) A centroid sampling method is applied before iterative optimization to enhance the early exploration ability; 2) An improved global prescreening sampling strategy is introduced to balance the exploration and exploitation capabilities; 3) A local search sampling with the adaptive optimal region strategy is proposed, significantly improving the exploitation ability. To validate the performance of SADE-MSM, we compared it with the state-of-the-art SAEAs on benchmark problems with dimensions ranging from 30 to 500. Experimental results demonstrate that SADE-MSM has a significant performance superiority.