Sneh Prabha , Mohd Sajad , Gulam Mustafa Hasan , Asimul Islam , Md Imtaiyaz Hassan , Sonu Chand Thakur
{"title":"了解阿尔茨海默病的最新进展:风险因素、亚型、药物靶点和潜在疗法。","authors":"Sneh Prabha , Mohd Sajad , Gulam Mustafa Hasan , Asimul Islam , Md Imtaiyaz Hassan , Sonu Chand Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102476","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant neocortical degenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and secondary alterations in white matter tracts. Understanding the risk factors and mechanisms underlying AD is crucial for developing effective treatments. The risk factors associated with AD encompass a wide range of variables, including gender differences, family history, and genetic predispositions. Additionally, environmental factors such as air pollution and lifestyle-related conditions like cardiovascular disease, gut pathogens, and liver pathology contribute substantially to the development and progression of AD and its subtypes. This review provides current update and deeper insights into the role of diverse risk factors, categorizing AD into its distinct subtypes and elucidating their specific pathophysiological mechanisms. Unlike previous studies that often focus on isolated aspects of AD, our review integrates these factors to offer a comprehensive understanding of the disease. Furthermore, the review explores a variety of drug targets linked to the neuropathology of different AD subtypes, highlighting the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. We further discussed the novel therapeutic options and categorized them according to their targets. The roles of different drug targets were comprehensively studied, and the mechanism of action of their inhibitors was discussed in detail. By comprehensively covering the interplay of risk factors, subtype differentiation, and drug targets, this review provides a deeper understanding of AD and suggests directions for future research and therapeutic strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102476"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Recent advancement in understanding of Alzheimer's disease: Risk factors, subtypes, and drug targets and potential therapeutics\",\"authors\":\"Sneh Prabha , Mohd Sajad , Gulam Mustafa Hasan , Asimul Islam , Md Imtaiyaz Hassan , Sonu Chand Thakur\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102476\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant neocortical degenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and secondary alterations in white matter tracts. Understanding the risk factors and mechanisms underlying AD is crucial for developing effective treatments. The risk factors associated with AD encompass a wide range of variables, including gender differences, family history, and genetic predispositions. Additionally, environmental factors such as air pollution and lifestyle-related conditions like cardiovascular disease, gut pathogens, and liver pathology contribute substantially to the development and progression of AD and its subtypes. This review provides current update and deeper insights into the role of diverse risk factors, categorizing AD into its distinct subtypes and elucidating their specific pathophysiological mechanisms. Unlike previous studies that often focus on isolated aspects of AD, our review integrates these factors to offer a comprehensive understanding of the disease. Furthermore, the review explores a variety of drug targets linked to the neuropathology of different AD subtypes, highlighting the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. We further discussed the novel therapeutic options and categorized them according to their targets. The roles of different drug targets were comprehensively studied, and the mechanism of action of their inhibitors was discussed in detail. By comprehensively covering the interplay of risk factors, subtype differentiation, and drug targets, this review provides a deeper understanding of AD and suggests directions for future research and therapeutic strategies.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55545,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ageing Research Reviews\",\"volume\":\"101 \",\"pages\":\"Article 102476\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":12.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ageing Research Reviews\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163724002940\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CELL BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ageing Research Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163724002940","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种严重的新皮质变性疾病,其特征是神经元的逐渐丧失和白质束的继发性改变。了解阿尔茨海默病的风险因素和发病机制对于开发有效的治疗方法至关重要。与注意力缺失症相关的风险因素包含多种变量,包括性别差异、家族史和遗传倾向。此外,空气污染等环境因素以及心血管疾病、肠道病原体和肝脏病变等与生活方式相关的病症也在很大程度上导致了注意力缺失症及其亚型的发生和发展。本综述对这些不同风险因素的作用提供了最新进展和更深入的见解,将AD分为不同的亚型,并阐明其特定的病理生理机制。以往的研究往往只关注 AD 的个别方面,而我们的综述则不同,它综合了这些因素,从而提供了对该疾病的全面认识。此外,综述还探讨了与不同 AD 亚型的神经病理学相关的各种药物靶点,突出了靶向治疗干预的潜力。我们进一步讨论了新型治疗方案,并根据其靶点进行了分类。我们全面研究了不同药物靶点的作用,并详细讨论了其抑制剂的作用机制。本综述全面阐述了危险因素、亚型分化和药物靶点的相互作用,加深了人们对AD的理解,并为未来的研究和治疗策略提出了方向性建议。
Recent advancement in understanding of Alzheimer's disease: Risk factors, subtypes, and drug targets and potential therapeutics
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant neocortical degenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and secondary alterations in white matter tracts. Understanding the risk factors and mechanisms underlying AD is crucial for developing effective treatments. The risk factors associated with AD encompass a wide range of variables, including gender differences, family history, and genetic predispositions. Additionally, environmental factors such as air pollution and lifestyle-related conditions like cardiovascular disease, gut pathogens, and liver pathology contribute substantially to the development and progression of AD and its subtypes. This review provides current update and deeper insights into the role of diverse risk factors, categorizing AD into its distinct subtypes and elucidating their specific pathophysiological mechanisms. Unlike previous studies that often focus on isolated aspects of AD, our review integrates these factors to offer a comprehensive understanding of the disease. Furthermore, the review explores a variety of drug targets linked to the neuropathology of different AD subtypes, highlighting the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. We further discussed the novel therapeutic options and categorized them according to their targets. The roles of different drug targets were comprehensively studied, and the mechanism of action of their inhibitors was discussed in detail. By comprehensively covering the interplay of risk factors, subtype differentiation, and drug targets, this review provides a deeper understanding of AD and suggests directions for future research and therapeutic strategies.
期刊介绍:
With the rise in average human life expectancy, the impact of ageing and age-related diseases on our society has become increasingly significant. Ageing research is now a focal point for numerous laboratories, encompassing leaders in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and behavior. Ageing Research Reviews (ARR) serves as a cornerstone in this field, addressing emerging trends.
ARR aims to fill a substantial gap by providing critical reviews and viewpoints on evolving discoveries concerning the mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases. The rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival is unveiling new insights into the regulation of ageing. From telomerase to stem cells, and from energy to oxyradical metabolism, we are witnessing an exciting era in the multidisciplinary field of ageing research.
The journal explores the cellular and molecular foundations of interventions that extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction. It identifies the underpinnings of manipulations that extend lifespan, shedding light on novel approaches for preventing age-related diseases. ARR publishes articles on focused topics selected from the expansive field of ageing research, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the aging process. This includes age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The journal also covers applications of basic ageing research to lifespan extension and disease prevention, offering a comprehensive platform for advancing our understanding of this critical field.