基于秸秆还田的长期氮肥管理策略可提高小麦-玉米轮作系统的生产力,并通过增加土壤碳氮固存减少碳排放

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109561
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引用次数: 0

摘要

问题面对农田增产、固碳和降氮的多重目标,优化秸秆和氮肥管理以实现小麦玉米轮作体系中粮食生产和生态安全的平衡变得日益关键和迫切。方法本研究于2017-2021年在中国关中平原开展了为期5年的田间试验,研究玉米季秸秆处理方式(秸秆还田、不还田)和氮肥施用量(0、150、225、300千克/公顷-1)对土壤温室气体(GHG)排放、作物产量、土壤有机碳(SOC)和土壤氮素(STN)含量的影响及协同调控机制。结果结果表明,在不秸秆还田的情况下,施肥使土壤一氧化二氮(N2O)排放量增加了35.9-64.0%,作物年总产量增加了16.4-22.8%;然而,在秸秆还田的情况下,施肥导致的土壤一氧化二氮排放量增幅降至26.7-62.0%,而产量增幅则升至19.5-25.9%。秸秆还田与施氮之间的交互效应显著,秸秆还田提高了施氮对产量的贡献率(2.2%-4.4%),同时降低了施氮对 N2O 排放的贡献率(3.0%-27.5%)。研究还表明,秸秆还田的增产效果随着秸秆还田时间的延长而不断增强,连续还田三年后,秸秆还田对产量的贡献率达到 9.9%,而施氮对产量的贡献率平均每年增加 3.0%。这表明,将秸秆还田与减少氮肥施用量结合起来有很大的潜力。与单独施氮和单独秸秆还田相比,秸秆还田与氮肥结合可使 SOC 含量分别增加 7.9-40.1 % 和 3.7-12.5 %,STN 含量分别增加 1.0-22.8 % 和 6.1-13.9 %。途径分析表明,秸秆还田与氮肥结合主要增强了土壤碳氮固存,提高了肥料利用效率和作物营养水平,降低了净全球升温潜能值(GWP)和温室气体强度(GHGI),协同调节增产的同时减少了温室气体排放。结论该研究强调,秸秆还田降低了氮肥施用量的临界值,表明在玉米种植季将氮肥施用量控制在每公顷 224 至 256 千克之间,并在小麦种植季保持每公顷 195 千克的氮肥施用量,有利于小麦-玉米轮作系统农田的长期稳产和减排。
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The long-term nitrogen fertilizer management strategy based on straw return can improve the productivity of wheat-maize rotation system and reduce carbon emissions by increasing soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration

Problem

Facing the multiple objectives of increasing production, carbon sequestration, and nitrogen reduction in farmland, optimizing straw and nitrogen fertilizer management to achieve a balance between grain production and ecological safety in the wheat-maize rotation system has become increasingly critical and urgent.

Methods

This study conducted a five-year field experiment in the Guanzhong Plain of China from 2017 to 2021 to investigate the effects and synergistic regulatory mechanisms of straw disposal methods (straw return, no-straw return) and nitrogen application rates (0, 150, 225, 300 kg ha−1) during the maize season on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, crop yield, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil toatl nitrogen (STN) content.

Results

The results showed that under the scenario of no-straw return, fertilization increased soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by 35.9–64.0 %, and annual total crop yield by 16.4–22.8 %; however, under the straw return scenario, the increase in soil N2O emissions due to fertilization decreased to 26.7–62.0 %, while the yield increase rose to 19.5–25.9 %. The interaction effect between straw return and nitrogen application was significant, with straw return boosting the contribution rate of nitrogen application to yield (2.2–4.4 %) and simultaneously reducing the contribution rate of nitrogen application to N2O emissions (3.0–27.5 %). The study also indicated that the yield-increasing effect of straw return continued to increase with the duration of straw return, with the contribution rate to yield reaching 9.9 % after three years of continuous straw return, while the contribution rate of nitrogen application to yield increased by an average of 3.0 % per year. This suggests that there is significant potential for coupling straw return with reduced nitrogen application. Straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer increased SOC content by 7.9–40.1 % and 3.7–12.5 %, STN content by 1.0–22.8 % and 6.1–13.9 %, respectively, compared to sole nitrogen application and sole straw return. Pathway analysis indicated that straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer mainly enhanced soil carbon-nitrogen sequestration, improved fertilizer utilization efficiency and crop nutrition levels, reduced net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), and synergistically regulated to increase yield while reducing GHG emissions.

Conclusion

The study highlights that straw return lowers the threshold for nitrogen application levels, suggesting that regulating nitrogen application levels between 224 and 256 kg ha−1 during the maize season, and maintaining a nitrogen application level of 195 kg ha−1 during the wheat season, is beneficial for long-term stable production and emission reduction in the wheat-maize rotation system farmland.

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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
期刊最新文献
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