昼夜潮汐、风和河流排水对大型海岸羽流的交互影响

IF 3.3 2区 地球科学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1029/2024JC021288
David K. Ralston, W. Rockwell Geyer, Christopher C. Wackerman, Brian Dzwonkowski, David A. Honegger, Merrick C. Haller
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大江大河羽流在沿岸海域的扩散取决于多种因素,在某些情况下,可分为不同的动力 系统:潮汐主导的近场、旋转的中场和沿岸流的远场。在这项研究中,通过观测和建模来评估控制莫比尔湾浮力羽流变化的因素。莫比尔湾羽流不是由不同的动力学机制决定的,而是取决于在重叠的时间和空间尺度上起作用的各种 因素:昼夜潮汐、河流排放事件和风。卫星合成孔径雷达图像以及船载现场采样和海洋雷达用于观测 2021 年春季的羽流前沿。水动力模型模拟结果与观测结果进行了比较,并用于描述在各种强迫条件下潮汐相位 一致的大型沿岸羽流的特征。羽流的沿岸位置主要取决于风驱动的表层流的平流。跨岸范围和羽流面积主要取决于潮汐振幅和河流排水量,其次取决于偏北(向海)风。沿岸风通过改变河口和近海的盐度来影响浮力异常。上升流风会增加浮力异常,并将先前的羽流从河口移走。下沉风通过将先前的羽流阻挡在海岸附近,并将淡水排放引向次级出口,从而减少浮力异常。因此,潮汐、风和排水量的综合叠加影响主导着淡水向陆架输送的变化,其时间尺度可达数天,距离可达数十公里。
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Interacting Influences of Diurnal Tides, Winds, and River Discharge on a Large Coastal Plume

The dispersal of large river plumes in the coastal ocean depends on multiple factors, and in some cases, can be categorized into distinct dynamical regimes: a tidally dominated near-field, a rotational mid-field, and a coastal current far-field. In this study, observations and modeling are used to evaluate the factors controlling the variability in the buoyant plume from Mobile Bay. Rather than distinct dynamical regimes, the Mobile Bay plume depends on forcings that act at overlapping temporal and spatial scales: diurnal tides, river discharge events, and winds. Satellite synthetic aperture radar images along with shipboard in-situ sampling and marine radar are used to observe plume fronts in spring 2021. Hydrodynamic model simulations are compared with observations and used to characterize a large coastal plume at consistent tidal phase across a range of forcing conditions. The along-shore position of the plume depends primarily on advection by wind-driven surface currents. The cross-shore extent and plume area depend primarily on the tidal amplitude and river discharge, and secondarily on northerly (seaward) winds. Along-shore winds influence the buoyancy anomaly by altering salinity in the estuary and offshore. Upwelling winds increase the buoyancy anomaly and advect previous plumes away from the mouth. Downwelling winds reduce the buoyancy anomaly by trapping previous plumes near the coast and directing freshwater discharge toward a secondary outlet. Thus, the combined, overlapping influences of the tide, wind, and discharge dominate the variability in freshwater delivery to the shelf at time scales of days and distances of tens of km.

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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans Earth and Planetary Sciences-Oceanography
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
13.90%
发文量
429
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