中亚造山带东北部萨拉尔地层的同步长岩火山活动和碳酸盐沉积为 VMS 矿床定位提供了环境

IF 7.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Gondwana Research Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1016/j.gr.2024.08.014
N.I. Vetrova, E.V. Vetrov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

位于中亚造山带(CAOB)北部的萨拉伊尔(Salair)地层包含许多热液矿床,其中包括火山成因块状硫化物(VMS)矿床。母岩主要由熔岩、火山碎屑岩和凝灰岩等长粒火山岩组成,并伴有厚厚的碳酸盐地层。在本研究中,我们介绍了火山岩的锆石 U-Pb 年龄、全岩地球化学和钕同位素数据,以及碳酸盐岩的地球化学和同位素(Sr、C、O)研究结果,以确定其年龄和成岩过程,并描述构造环境的特征。锆石 U-Pb 测定显示,含矿长岩熔岩的年龄为 519.3 ± 1.9 Ma,而长岩凝灰岩的年龄为 516.0 ± 0.9 Ma。这些火山岩的特点是SiO2和Na2O含量高,轻稀土元素富集,Eu负异常显著,Nb、Ta、P和Ti明显贫化。它们的ɛNd(t)值介于+4.9至+6.3之间,具有年轻的两阶段Nd模型年龄(0.82至0.64 Ga)。萨拉尔地层中的长英质火山岩被解释为高度演化的I型岩浆岩,可能由幼年下地壳的高度部分熔融产生,没有古地壳的大量参与,也没有地壳再加工。这些碳酸盐是海相灰岩,镁/钙比小于0.007,δ18O(SMOW)值在17.1至23.8‰之间,δ13C(PDB)值在-0.9至+0.9之间。它们的锶同位素组成在 0.70844-0.70859 的狭窄范围内变化,被解释为代表共生海水。这些数值与 520-510 Ma 的沉积年龄一致,证实了碳酸盐的形成与长岩火山活动的同步性。根据区域地质学和地球化学,Salair 陆相的矿床岩石是在弧后环境中形成的,在弧后环境中,由于地堑下沉,发生了海相侵蚀。这对更好地了解 CAOB 北部的热液矿床非常重要,并可能为在类似构造环境中勘探 VMS 矿床提供新的见解。
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Synchronous felsic volcanism and carbonate sedimentation as a setting for VMS deposits localization at the Salair terrane, NE Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Salair terrane located in the northern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) contains many epithermal deposits including volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. The host rocks mainly consist of felsic volcanic rocks such as lavas, volcanic breccias and tuffs that associated with thick strata of carbonates. In this study, we present zircon U–Pb ages, whole rock geochemistry, and Nd isotope data from the volcanic rocks, and results of geochemical and isotope (Sr, C, O) studies of carbonates to constrain their age and petrogenesis, and to characterize the tectonic setting. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the ore-bearing felsic lavas have age of 519.3 ± 1.9 Ma, while the felsic tuffs have age of 516.0 ± 0.9 Ma. These volcanic rocks are characterized by high SiO2 and Na2O contents, enrichment in light rare-earth elements, remarkable negative Eu anomalies, and pronounced depletion in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. They have depleted ɛNd(t) values ranging from +4.9 to +6.3, and young two-stage Nd model ages (from 0.82 to 0.64 Ga). The felsic volcanic rocks from the Salair terrane are interpreted as highly evolved I-type magmatic rocks that might be produced by high degree partial melting of juvenile lower crust without a significant contribution of ancient crust and without crustal reworking.

Felsic volcanism was accompanied by the formation of thick strata of carbonates. These carbonates are marine limestones with Mg/Ca ratios less than 0.007, δ18O(SMOW) values from 17.1 to 23.8 ‰ and δ13C(PDB) values between –0.9 and +0.9. Their Sr isotope composition varies in a narrow range within 0.70844–0.70859 that interpreted as representing proxy for coeval seawater. These values are consistent with depositional ages of 520–510 Ma and confirms the synchronicity of the formation of carbonates and felsic volcanism. Based on the regional geology and geochemistry, the ore-host rocks of the Salair terrane were formed in the back-arc setting where the marine transgression occurred as a result of graben subsidence. It is important for better understanding epithermal deposits in the northern CAOB and might provide new insights about prospecting the VMS deposits in similar tectonic settings.

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来源期刊
Gondwana Research
Gondwana Research 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
12.90
自引率
6.60%
发文量
298
审稿时长
65 days
期刊介绍: Gondwana Research (GR) is an International Journal aimed to promote high quality research publications on all topics related to solid Earth, particularly with reference to the origin and evolution of continents, continental assemblies and their resources. GR is an "all earth science" journal with no restrictions on geological time, terrane or theme and covers a wide spectrum of topics in geosciences such as geology, geomorphology, palaeontology, structure, petrology, geochemistry, stable isotopes, geochronology, economic geology, exploration geology, engineering geology, geophysics, and environmental geology among other themes, and provides an appropriate forum to integrate studies from different disciplines and different terrains. In addition to regular articles and thematic issues, the journal invites high profile state-of-the-art reviews on thrust area topics for its column, ''GR FOCUS''. Focus articles include short biographies and photographs of the authors. Short articles (within ten printed pages) for rapid publication reporting important discoveries or innovative models of global interest will be considered under the category ''GR LETTERS''.
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